Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, GPO Box 11008, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal.
BMC Psychiatry. 2023 May 15;23(1):340. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04836-3.
Natural disasters cause long term psychological consequences, especially post-traumatic stress disorders. It has been regarded as the most prevalent of psychiatric disorders after a natural disaster. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and determine its associated factors in adult survivors three years after the 2015 Nepal earthquake.
A cross-sectional descriptive design was used where 1076 adults within the age range of 19-65 were randomly selected and interviewed from four adversely affected districts due to the 2015 earthquake. Instruments included a demographic questionnaire, an earthquake exposure questionnaire, the Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS), and the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 16 for data analysis.
The prevalence of PTSD among earthquake survivors was 18.9%. The multivariate logistic regression showed that gender, ethnicity, education, occupation, social support and severity of damage to house and property were significantly associated with PTSD. Odds of having PTSD was 1.6 times higher among females (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.3) and nearly 2 times higher amongst illiterate survivors (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-2.8). Participants from the Janajati ethnic group and those who had a business occupation had a 50% lower risk of having PTSD. Around 39% of the participants had moderate social support and had 60% lower odds of having PTSD compared to those with poor social support (AOR = 0.4, 95%CI: 0.2-0.5, p < 0.001). Participants with medium and very high-level damage to personal property were more likely to have PTSD.
Post-traumatic stress disorder remained prevalent amongst survivors three years after the 2015 Nepal Earthquake. It is important to provide psychological and social support for survivors to decrease the health burden from PTSD. Socio-demographic characteristics such as females, farmers, those survivors who endured significant personal property damage were at higher risk.
自然灾害会导致长期的心理后果，尤其是创伤后应激障碍。它被认为是自然灾害后最常见的精神疾病。本研究旨在评估 2015 年尼泊尔地震后 3 年，成年幸存者创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的患病率，并确定其相关因素。
采用横断面描述性设计，从受 2015 年地震影响的四个受灾地区随机选择 1076 名年龄在 19-65 岁之间的成年人进行访谈。使用的工具包括人口统计学问卷、地震暴露问卷、奥斯陆社会支持量表（OSSS）和创伤后应激障碍检查表-平民版（PCL-C）。使用统计软件包（SPSS）16 版进行数据分析，应用描述性和推断性统计。
地震幸存者 PTSD 的患病率为 18.9%。多变量逻辑回归显示，性别、民族、教育、职业、社会支持以及房屋和财产受损严重程度与 PTSD 显著相关。女性 PTSD 的可能性是男性的 1.6 倍（优势比[OR]1.6，95%置信区间[CI]：1.1-2.3），而未受过教育的幸存者的可能性几乎是男性的 2 倍（OR 1.9，95%CI：1.2-2.8）。来自 Janajati 族裔的参与者和从事商业职业的参与者患 PTSD 的风险降低了 50%。大约 39%的参与者社会支持中度，与社会支持较差的参与者相比，他们患 PTSD 的可能性降低了 60%（OR 0.4，95%CI：0.2-0.5，p<0.001）。个人财产中度和高度受损的参与者更有可能患有 PTSD。
2015 年尼泊尔地震后 3 年，创伤后应激障碍仍在幸存者中流行。为幸存者提供心理和社会支持以减轻 PTSD 的健康负担非常重要。女性、农民、那些遭受重大个人财产损失的幸存者等社会人口特征的幸存者面临更高的风险。
