Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain.
Anal Chim Acta. 2012 Apr 13;722:8-20. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.02.004. Epub 2012 Feb 10.
In this review, recent developments for the determination of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in plant tissues are discussed focusing on the homogenization, extraction and determination steps involved. Eleven classes of EOCs, namely antibiotics, analgesics, antiepileptics, antidepressants, antiseptics, plasticizers, fragrances, surfactants, flame retardants, and phenoxy acid herbicides, have been evaluated. Methods are critically reviewed in terms of all the analytical steps involved in the analysis, sampling and sample preparation, separation, and the detection strategies employed. The extraction from tissue samples was performed in most cases by solid-liquid extraction, whereas the clean-up was performed by solid-phase extraction. The identification and quantification of EOCs in crops from the agricultural field (i.e. parts per billion range) is usually performed by using mass spectrometry techniques such as single quadrupole mass spectrometry or tandem mass spectrometry coupled to high resolution chromatographic techniques. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are more rarely used. New developments such as in vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and the assessment of the bioavailability-bioaccesibility of contaminants in crops are shown. The main scope of this review is to critically evaluate the current state of the art of the analytical techniques used and to identify the research needs in the determination of EOCs in crops.
在这篇综述中，我们讨论了最近在植物组织中新兴有机污染物（EOCs）的测定方法，重点讨论了涉及的均质化、提取和测定步骤。评估了十一类 EOCs，即抗生素、镇痛药、抗癫痫药、抗抑郁药、防腐剂、增塑剂、香料、表面活性剂、阻燃剂和苯氧羧酸类除草剂。方法从分析所涉及的所有分析步骤、采样和样品制备、分离以及所采用的检测策略等方面进行了批判性评价。在大多数情况下，通过固液萃取从组织样品中提取，而通过固相萃取进行净化。通常使用质谱技术，如单四极杆质谱或串联质谱与高分辨率色谱技术相结合，对来自农业领域的农作物中的 EOCs 进行鉴定和定量（即十亿分之几的范围）。酶联免疫吸附测定法较少使用。展示了新的发展，如体内固相微萃取（SPME）和评估农作物中污染物的生物利用度-生物可及性。本综述的主要范围是批判性地评估用于测定农作物中 EOCs 的分析技术的现状，并确定研究需求。
