Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Personal Disord. 2011 Jul;2(3):161-74. doi: 10.1037/a0021216.
A dimensional perspective on personality disorder hypothesizes that the current diagnostic categories represent maladaptive variants of general personality traits. However, a fundamental foundation of this viewpoint is that dimensional models can adequately account for the pathology currently described by these categories. While most of the personality disorders have well established links to dimensional models that buttress this hypothesis, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) has obtained only inconsistent support. The current study administered multiple measures of 1) conscientiousness-related personality traits, 2) DSM-IV OCPD, and 3) specific components of OCPD (e.g., compulsivity and perfectionism) to a sample of 536 undergraduates who were oversampled for elevated OCPD scores. Six existing measures of conscientiousness-related personality traits converged strongly with each other supporting their assessment of a common trait. These measures of conscientiousness correlated highly with scales assessing specific components of OCPD, but obtained variable relationships with measures of DSM-IV OCPD. More specifically, there were differences within the conscientiousness instruments such that those designed to assess general personality functioning had small to medium relationships with OCPD, but those assessing more maladaptive variants obtained large effect sizes. These findings support the view that OCPD does represent a maladaptive variant of normal-range conscientiousness.
从维度的角度来看，人格障碍假设当前的诊断类别代表了一般人格特质的适应不良变体。然而，这一观点的一个基本基础是，维度模型可以充分解释当前这些类别所描述的病理学。虽然大多数人格障碍与支持这一假设的维度模型有很好的联系，但强迫型人格障碍（OCPD）只得到了不一致的支持。本研究对 536 名大学生进行了多项测试，这些学生的强迫型人格障碍得分较高，这些测试包括：1）尽责性相关的人格特质；2）DSM-IV 强迫型人格障碍；3）强迫型人格障碍的特定成分（如强迫性和完美主义）。六项现有的尽责性相关人格特质测量方法相互之间高度一致，支持了它们对共同特质的评估。这些尽责性测量方法与评估强迫型人格障碍特定成分的量表高度相关，但与 DSM-IV 强迫型人格障碍的测量方法关系复杂。更具体地说，在尽责性工具中存在差异，那些旨在评估一般人格功能的工具与 OCPD 有小到中等的关系，但那些评估更适应不良变体的工具则获得了大的效应量。这些发现支持了 OCPD 确实是正常范围尽责性的适应不良变体的观点。
