Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
J Inherit Metab Dis. 2012 Jul;35(4):695-713. doi: 10.1007/s10545-012-9475-0. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
During the last two decades, pigs have been used to develop some of the most important large animal models for biomedical research. Advances in pig genome research, genetic modification (GM) of primary pig cells and pig cloning by nuclear transfer, have facilitated the generation of GM pigs for xenotransplantation and various human diseases. This review summarizes the key technologies used for generating GM pigs, including pronuclear microinjection, sperm-mediated gene transfer, somatic cell nuclear transfer by traditional cloning, and somatic cell nuclear transfer by handmade cloning. Broadly used genetic engineering tools for porcine cells are also discussed. We also summarize the GM pig models that have been generated for xenotransplantation and human disease processes, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, eye diseases, bone diseases, cancers and epidermal skin diseases, diabetes mellitus, cystic fibrosis, and inherited metabolic diseases. Thus, this review provides an overview of the progress in GM pig research over the last two decades and perspectives for future development.
在过去的二十年中，猪已被用于开发一些最重要的用于生物医学研究的大型动物模型。猪基因组研究、原代猪细胞的基因修饰（GM）和核转移克隆的进展，促进了用于异种移植和各种人类疾病的 GM 猪的产生。本综述总结了用于生成 GM 猪的关键技术，包括原核显微注射、精子介导的基因转移、传统克隆的体细胞核转移和手工克隆的体细胞核转移。还讨论了广泛用于猪细胞的基因工程工具。我们还总结了为异种移植和人类疾病过程生成的 GM 猪模型，包括神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病、眼部疾病、骨骼疾病、癌症和表皮皮肤疾病、糖尿病、囊性纤维化和遗传性代谢疾病。因此，本综述提供了过去二十年中 GM 猪研究进展的概述，并展望了未来的发展方向。
