Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012;740:83-102. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_4.
The calcium ion is a fundamental second messenger that plays crucial roles in the pathophysiology of brain cells. In this chapter, we will focus on the measurement of calcium fluctuations as a reporter of cellular excitability of both neurons and glial cells in the intact central nervous system. We will first describe the methodological aspects of in vivo two-photon fluorescence calcium imaging and then review recent data highlighting the ways in which this technique is revolutionizing our understanding of brain circuits at the cellular level. Finally, we will discuss recent technical advancements that promise to open new horizons in the optical investigation of brain function in awake, behaving animals.
钙离子是一种基本的第二信使，在脑细胞的病理生理学中发挥着关键作用。在本章中，我们将重点介绍钙波动的测量，作为完整中枢神经系统中神经元和神经胶质细胞细胞兴奋性的报告。我们将首先描述体内双光子荧光钙成像的方法学方面，然后回顾最近的数据，强调这项技术如何在细胞水平上彻底改变我们对大脑回路的理解。最后，我们将讨论最近的技术进展，这些进展有望在清醒、行为动物的大脑功能光学研究中开辟新的视野。
