内源性大麻素大麻酚和维罗多胺调节候选大麻素受体 GPR55 的活性。
The endocannabinoids anandamide and virodhamine modulate the activity of the candidate cannabinoid receptor GPR55.
机构信息
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
出版信息
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2012 Dec;7(4):856-65. doi: 10.1007/s11481-012-9351-6. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
The role of cannabinoid receptors in inflammation has been the topic of many research endeavors. Despite this effort, to date the involvement of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in inflammation remains obscure. The ambiguity of cannabinoid involvement may be explained by the existence of cannabinoid receptors, other than CB(1) and CB(2), or a consequence of interaction of endocannabinoids with other signaling systems. GPR55 has been proposed to be a cannabinoid receptor; however the interaction of the endocannabinoid system with GPR55 remains elusive. Consequently this study set about to examine the effects of the endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and virodhamine, on GPR55 mediated signaling. Specifically, we assessed changes in β-arrestin2 (βarr2) distribution and GPR55 receptor internalization following activation by lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), the synthetic cannabinoid ligand SR141716A, and new selective synthetic GPR55 agonists. Data obtained from the experiments presented herein demonstrate that AEA and virodhamine modulate agonist-mediated recruitment of βarr2. AEA and virodhamine act as partial agonists; enhancing the agonist effect at low concentrations and inhibiting it at high concentrations. Furthermore, both virodhamine and AEA significantly attenuated agonist-induced internalization of GPR55. These effects are attributed to the expression of GPR55, and not CB(1) and CB(2) receptors, as we have established negligible expression of CB(1) and CB(2) in these GPR55-transfected U2OS cells. The identification of select endocannabinoids as GPR55 modulators will aide in elucidating the function of GPR55 in the ECS.
大麻素受体在炎症中的作用一直是许多研究努力的主题。尽管进行了这些努力,但迄今为止,内源性大麻素系统(ECS)在炎症中的参与仍然不清楚。大麻素参与的模糊性可能是由于存在除 CB(1) 和 CB(2) 之外的大麻素受体,或者是内源性大麻素与其他信号系统相互作用的结果。GPR55 已被提议为大麻素受体;然而,内源性大麻素系统与 GPR55 的相互作用仍然难以捉摸。因此,本研究旨在研究内源性大麻素,即花生四烯酸乙醇胺(AEA)和维罗多胺,对 GPR55 介导的信号转导的影响。具体而言,我们评估了内源性大麻素 AEA 和维罗多胺在激活后对 GPR55 介导的信号转导中β-arrestin2(βarr2)分布和 GPR55 受体内化的影响。在用溶血磷脂酰肌醇(LPI)、合成大麻素配体 SR141716A 和新的选择性合成 GPR55 激动剂激活后,获得了本文介绍的实验数据,证明 AEA 和维罗多胺调节激动剂介导的βarr2募集。AEA 和维罗多胺作为部分激动剂;在低浓度下增强激动剂的作用,在高浓度下抑制它。此外,维罗多胺和 AEA 均显著减弱激动剂诱导的 GPR55 内化。这些作用归因于 GPR55 的表达,而不是 CB(1) 和 CB(2) 受体,因为我们已经确定在这些转染了 GPR55 的 U2OS 细胞中 CB(1) 和 CB(2) 受体的表达可以忽略不计。鉴定出一些内源性大麻素作为 GPR55 调节剂将有助于阐明 GPR55 在 ECS 中的功能。