Agricultural Machinery Engineering Department, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran; E-Mail:
Sensors (Basel). 2009;9(8):6058-83. doi: 10.3390/s90806058. Epub 2009 Jul 30.
Over the last twenty years, newly developed chemical sensor systems (so called "electronic noses") have made odor analyses possible. These systems involve various types of electronic chemical gas sensors with partial specificity, as well as suitable statistical methods enabling the recognition of complex odors. As commercial instruments have become available, a substantial increase in research into the application of electronic noses in the evaluation of volatile compounds in food, cosmetic and other items of everyday life is observed. At present, the commercial gas sensor technologies comprise metal oxide semiconductors, metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors, organic conducting polymers, and piezoelectric crystal sensors. Further sensors based on fibreoptic, electrochemical and bi-metal principles are still in the developmental stage. Statistical analysis techniques range from simple graphical evaluation to multivariate analysis such as artificial neural network and radial basis function. The introduction of electronic noses into the area of food is envisaged for quality control, process monitoring, freshness evaluation, shelf-life investigation and authenticity assessment. Considerable work has already been carried out on meat, grains, coffee, mushrooms, cheese, sugar, fish, beer and other beverages, as well as on the odor quality evaluation of food packaging material. This paper describes the applications of these systems for meat quality assessment, where fast detection methods are essential for appropriate product management. The results suggest the possibility of using this new technology in meat handling.
在过去的二十年中，新开发的化学传感器系统（所谓的“电子鼻”）已经实现了气味分析。这些系统涉及各种具有部分特异性的电子化学气体传感器，以及能够识别复杂气味的合适的统计方法。随着商业仪器的出现，人们对电子鼻在评估食品、化妆品和其他日常生活用品中的挥发性化合物的应用进行了大量研究。目前，商业气体传感器技术包括金属氧化物半导体、金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管、有机导电聚合物和压电晶体传感器。基于光纤、电化学和双金属原理的进一步传感器仍处于开发阶段。统计分析技术从简单的图形评估到多元分析，如人工神经网络和径向基函数。电子鼻被引入食品领域，用于质量控制、过程监测、新鲜度评估、保质期研究和真实性评估。已经对肉类、谷物、咖啡、蘑菇、奶酪、糖、鱼、啤酒和其他饮料，以及食品包装材料的气味质量评估进行了大量研究。本文描述了这些系统在肉类质量评估中的应用，在肉类管理中快速检测方法是必不可少的。结果表明，这种新技术有可能用于肉类处理。
