Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil.
Ambio. 2012 Jul;41(5):456-66. doi: 10.1007/s13280-012-0259-4. Epub 2012 Mar 29.
The water-soluble fraction (WSF) of petroleum contains a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile hydrocarbons, phenols, and heterocyclic compounds, considered deleterious to aquatic biota. Marine "pejerrey" Odontesthes argentinensis (Teleostei: Atherinopsidae) has a great commercial importance in local fisheries and a high potential for aquaculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological effects in "pejerrey" larvae exposed to different concentrations of petroleum WSF. The chronic toxicity test was conducted with newly hatched larvae exposed for 21 days to sublethal concentrations of WSF (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 % of WSF), plus one control. Survival and growth were significantly lower in the highest concentration. Several histopathological changes were found in the gills (e.g., hyperplasia, aneurisms, edema, and necrosis), kidney (e.g., nuclear alterations, decrease in the hematopoietic cells), and liver (e.g., hypertrophy, karyorrhexis, and karyopyknosis). An index of branchial lesion was proposed to standardize gill lesions to different pollutants.
石油的水溶性部分（WSF）含有多种多环芳烃、挥发性烃、酚类和杂环化合物，被认为对水生生物群有害。海洋“白姑鱼”Odontesthes argentinensis（硬骨鱼纲：脂鲤科）在当地渔业中有重要的商业价值，并且具有很高的水产养殖潜力。本研究旨在评估暴露于不同浓度石油 WSF 的“白姑鱼”幼虫的组织病理学效应。采用慢性毒性试验，用新孵化的幼虫在亚致死浓度的 WSF（WSF 的 2.5%、5%、10%和 20%）中暴露 21 天，同时设一个对照组。在最高浓度下，存活率和生长率显著降低。在鳃（例如，增生、动脉瘤、水肿和坏死）、肾脏（例如，核改变、造血细胞减少）和肝脏（例如，肥大、核碎裂和核固缩）中发现了几种组织病理学变化。提出了一个鳃损伤指数，以将鳃损伤标准化到不同的污染物。
