Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Government Dental College, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
J Periodontol. 2013 Jan;84(1):3-12. doi: 10.1902/jop.2012.110756. Epub 2012 Apr 2.
The association between serum lipids and periodontal disease has been studied predominantly in patients with chronic periodontitis with limited data available regarding periodontal status of patients with hyperlipidemia. Meanwhile, the impact of statins on the periodontal health of the population also remains largely underexplored. This study aims to assess the periodontal status among patients with hyperlipidemia and users of statins.
In this cross-sectional study, 94 patients with hyperlipidemia (50 receiving statins and 44 receiving non-pharmacologic therapy) and 46 control individuals who were normolipidemic underwent periodontal examination (plaque index, gingival index [GI], probing depth [PD], and clinical attachment level [CAL]). Biochemical parameters measured included serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
PD and GI were significantly higher in patients with hyperlipidemia who were non-statin users compared with the normolipidemic individuals (P <0.001 [PD] and P <0.05 [GI]) and the statin group (P = 0.001 [PD] and P <0.05 [GI]). Periodontal parameters between statin users and the normolipidemic group did not differ significantly. After adjusting for confounders, positive and significant correlations were observed between PD and TG, and TC and LDL, whereas CAL shared correlation with TC and LDL. GI was correlated with TG and TC. Regression analyses revealed that whereas TC was associated significantly with PD (P <0.001), LDL showed significant association with CAL (P = 0.013). TG showed significant association with GI (P = 0.020).
Our findings suggest that relative to the general population, patients with hyperlipidemia are more prone to periodontal disease. Also, within the limits of this study, statins have a positive impact on periodontal health.
血清脂质与牙周病之间的关联主要在患有慢性牙周炎的患者中进行了研究，而关于高血脂患者的牙周状况的数据有限。同时，他汀类药物对人群牙周健康的影响也在很大程度上尚未得到充分探索。本研究旨在评估高血脂患者和他汀类药物使用者的牙周状况。
在这项横断面研究中，94 名高血脂患者（50 名服用他汀类药物，44 名接受非药物治疗）和 46 名血脂正常的对照个体接受了牙周检查（菌斑指数、牙龈指数[GI]、探诊深度[PD]和临床附着水平[CAL]）。测量的生化参数包括血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。
与血脂正常的个体相比，未服用他汀类药物的高血脂患者的 PD 和 GI 显著更高（P <0.001[PD]和 P <0.05[GI]），且与他汀类药物组相比也更高（P = 0.001[PD]和 P <0.05[GI]）。他汀类药物使用者和血脂正常组之间的牙周参数没有显著差异。调整混杂因素后，PD 与 TG 和 TC 呈正相关，CAL 与 TC 和 LDL 呈正相关，而 GI 与 TG 和 TC 呈正相关。回归分析显示，TC 与 PD 显著相关（P <0.001），LDL 与 CAL 显著相关（P = 0.013）。TG 与 GI 显著相关（P = 0.020）。
我们的研究结果表明，与一般人群相比，高血脂患者更容易发生牙周病。此外，在本研究范围内，他汀类药物对牙周健康有积极影响。
