Esteves de Oliveira F C, Pinheiro Volp A C, Alfenas R C
Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Nutr Hosp. 2011 Jul-Aug;26(4):669-76. doi: 10.1590/S0212-16112011000400002.
The maintenance of normal blood glucose concentrations is a crucial factor to the achievement of a good health status throughout life. However, the occurrence of abnormalities in this parameter has become increasingly common, which can result in several non-transmissible diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to discuss the role of protein sources in the glycemic and insulinemic responses.
In this review paper, we critically analyzed recently published studies that discussed the role of different protein sources in the glycemic and insulinemic responses in healthy individuals and in those who have cardiovascular diseases or type 2 diabetes.
The results of some of these studies suggest that the daily ingestion of at least one high protein meal containing low to moderate amounts of carbohydrate increases insulin secretion and glucose uptake, improving insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, the results indicate that these effects are particularly associated with the consumption of animal protein (p.e. hydrolyzed whey protein), which has a high content of branched-chain amino acids such as leucine, valine and others such as arginine, which leads to improvements in insulin secretion and uptake glucose, since it increases insulin sensitivity. However, there is still no consensus in the literature about the quantity and quality of protein capable of reducing or maintaining blood-glucose concentrations at the desirable range, without causing adverse effects. The difference in the results of the studies may be associated to methodological problems presented by these studies.
Well designed studies should be conducted to identify the quantity and quality of protein that can lead to the improvement on blood glucose concentrations, without negative effects to health. These studies should also identify the mechanisms and the magnitude by which protein may affect glycemic response.
维持正常血糖浓度是实现一生健康状态的关键因素。然而，该参数异常的发生越来越普遍，这可能导致多种非传染性疾病，如2型糖尿病和心血管疾病。因此，本研究的目的是探讨蛋白质来源在血糖和胰岛素反应中的作用。
在这篇综述文章中，我们批判性地分析了最近发表的研究，这些研究讨论了不同蛋白质来源在健康个体以及患有心血管疾病或2型糖尿病的个体的血糖和胰岛素反应中的作用。
其中一些研究结果表明，每天摄入至少一顿含低至中等量碳水化合物的高蛋白餐会增加胰岛素分泌和葡萄糖摄取，提高胰岛素敏感性。此外，结果表明这些作用尤其与动物蛋白（如水解乳清蛋白）的摄入有关，其含有高含量的支链氨基酸，如亮氨酸、缬氨酸以及其他如精氨酸等，这会导致胰岛素分泌和葡萄糖摄取增加，因为它提高了胰岛素敏感性。然而，关于能够将血糖浓度降低或维持在理想范围内且不产生不良影响的蛋白质的数量和质量，文献中仍未达成共识。研究结果的差异可能与这些研究存在的方法学问题有关。
应开展设计良好的研究，以确定能够改善血糖浓度且对健康无负面影响的蛋白质的数量和质量。这些研究还应确定蛋白质影响血糖反应的机制和程度。
