Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Cogn Behav Ther. 2012;41(4):288-97. doi: 10.1080/16506073.2012.676669. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
Schema theory posits that experiences of maltreatment result in the early development of maladaptive schemas (EMS; Young, Klosko, & Weishaar, 2003, Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide, The Guilford Press: New York, NY). EMS are organized by conditionality; unconditional schemas are theorized to develop early in childhood predominantly in response to experiences of parenting and conditional schemas are theorized to develop later in life in response to other relationships. Despite this distinction, minimal previous research has investigated their differential development. The current study examined the relative contributions of parental and other (peer and intimate partner) emotional maltreatment (EMT) in the differential development of unconditional and conditional schemas. Ninety-seven undergraduate students retrospectively reported their maltreatment experiences using the Lifetime Experiences Questionnaire and completed the Young Schema Questionnaire to measure EMS. Consistent with hypotheses, parental EMT was the strongest predictor of unconditional schemas. Unexpectedly, parental EMT also emerged as the strongest predictor of conditional schemas. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
图式理论认为，虐待经历会导致适应不良图式（EMS；Young、Klosko 和 Weishaar，2003，《图式疗法：实践者指南》，The Guilford Press：纽约，NY）的早期发展。EMS 是有条件的；无条件图式被认为主要在儿童早期形成，主要是对父母养育经历的反应，而有条件的图式则被认为是在生命后期形成的，以应对其他关系。尽管存在这种区别，但之前很少有研究调查过它们的差异发展。本研究考察了父母和其他（同伴和亲密伴侣）情感虐待（EMT）在无条件和有条件图式的差异发展中的相对贡献。97 名大学生使用终身经历问卷回顾性地报告了他们的虐待经历，并完成了 Young 图式问卷来衡量 EMS。与假设一致，父母 EMT 是无条件图式的最强预测因子。出乎意料的是，父母 EMT 也是有条件图式的最强预测因子。讨论了这些发现的理论和临床意义。
