Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
Addict Behav. 2012 Jul;37(7):856-61. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.03.013. Epub 2012 Mar 17.
The autonomy over tobacco scale (AUTOS) is a 12-item theory-based instrument used to measure tobacco dependence in smokers. It provides separate measures of three factors that make smoking cessation more difficult: withdrawal symptoms, psychological dependence, and cue-induced urges to use tobacco. We compared the internal reliability and concurrent validity of the AUTOS to those of the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND). Adult current smokers (n=422; 62% female; 86.8% white; mean age 33.3 years, SD=13.7; 57% daily smokers) completed an anonymous web-based survey that included the AUTOS, the FTND and 11 smoking-related behavioral measures. Cronbach's α was .94 for the AUTOS and α>.75 for each of the 3 subscales; α=.73 for the FTND. The AUTOS and its subscales correlated with all measures of concurrent validity (r=.70 between AUTOS & FTND). The AUTOS correlated better than the FTND with the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist, the longest period of abstinence, latency to wanting, percentage of time a person smokes because of momentary need, pleasure from smoking, days smoked per month, and concern about deprivation. The measures showed similar correlations with the latencies to craving and needing. The FTND correlated better with the duration of smoking and cigarettes smoked per day. Based on these results and those from prior studies, we conclude that the AUTOS offers researchers a valid and highly reliable, theory-based measure that is more versatile in its applications than the FTND.
烟草依赖自我评估量表（AUTOS）是一个包含 12 个项目的理论工具，用于测量吸烟者的烟草依赖程度。它提供了三个使戒烟更加困难的因素的单独测量：戒断症状、心理依赖和提示诱导的吸烟冲动。我们比较了 AUTOS 的内部可靠性和同时效度与尼古丁依赖 Fagerström 测试（FTND）的结果。成年当前吸烟者（n=422；女性占 62%；86.8%为白人；平均年龄 33.3 岁，标准差 13.7；57%为每日吸烟者）完成了一项匿名的网络调查，其中包括 AUTOS、FTND 和 11 项与吸烟相关的行为测量。AUTOS 的 Cronbach's α为.94，其 3 个分量表的 α值均大于.75；FTND 的 α值为.73。AUTOS 及其分量表与所有同时效度测量均呈正相关（AUTOS 与 FTND 之间的相关系数为.70）。与 Hooked on Nicotine Checklist、最长戒烟时间、渴望时间、因即时需求而吸烟的时间百分比、吸烟愉悦感、每月吸烟天数和对剥夺感的担忧等指标相比，AUTOS 与 FTND 的相关性更好。与渴望和需要的潜伏期相比，这些指标与 AUTOS 的相关性更好。与 FTND 相比，吸烟持续时间和每天吸烟量与其他指标的相关性更好。基于这些结果以及先前研究的结果，我们得出结论，AUTOS 为研究人员提供了一种有效且高度可靠的、基于理论的测量工具，其应用比 FTND 更为广泛。
