Tandon Pooja S, Zhou Chuan, Christakis Dimitri A
Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle, WA 98145, USA.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012 Aug;166(8):707-12. doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.1835.
To characterize preschoolers’ daily parent-supervised outdoor play frequency and associated factors.
Cross-sectional using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort.
Nationally representative US sample.
Preschool-aged children.
Parent-reported outdoor play frequency.
The sample size of 8950 represented approximately 4 million children. Sixty percent of mothers worked outside the home, 79% exercised 0 to 3 days per week, and 93% perceived their neighborhood to be safe. Forty-four percent of mothers and 24% of fathers reported taking their child outside to play at least once per day. Fifty-one percent of children were reported to go outside to play at least once per day with either parent. Fifty-eight percent of children who were not in child care went outside daily. A child’s odds of going outside daily were associated with sex (odds ratio [OR] for girls, 0.85;95% CI, 0.75-0.95), having more regular playmates (OR for ≥ 3 playmates, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.72-2.38), mother’s race/ethnicity (OR for Asian, 0.51, 95% CI, 0.43-0.61; black,0.59, 95% CI, 0.49-0.70; Hispanic, 0.80, 95% CI, 0.67-0.95), mother’s employment (OR for full time, 0.70; 95%CI, 0.62-0.81), and parent’s exercise frequency of 4 days or more per week (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.28-1.75). We did not find significant association of outdoor play with child’s time spent watching television, household income, mother’s marital status, or parent’s perceptions of neighborhood safety.
About half the preschoolers in this sample did not have even 1 parent-supervised outdoor play opportunity per day. Efforts to increase active outdoor play should especially target children who are girls and nonwhite. Outdoor play opportunities at child care are critical for children of parents who work outside the home.
描述学龄前儿童在家长监督下的日常户外玩耍频率及相关因素。
采用来自儿童早期纵向研究——出生队列的数据进行横断面研究。
具有全国代表性的美国样本。
学龄前儿童。
家长报告的户外玩耍频率。
8950名样本约代表400万儿童。60%的母亲在外工作，79%每周锻炼0至3天，93%认为其社区安全。44%的母亲和24%的父亲报告每天至少带孩子外出玩耍一次。51%的儿童被报告每天至少与父母一方外出玩耍一次。58%未接受托育服务的儿童每天外出。儿童每天外出的几率与性别（女孩的优势比[OR]为0.85；95%置信区间[CI]，0.75 - 0.95）、有更多固定玩伴（≥3个玩伴的OR为2.03；95% CI，1.72 - 2.38）、母亲的种族/族裔（亚裔的OR为0.51，95% CI，0.43 - 0.61；黑人的OR为0.59，95% CI，0.49 - 0.70；西班牙裔的OR为0.80，95% CI，0.67 - 0.95）、母亲的就业情况（全职的OR为0.70；95% CI，0.62 - 0.81）以及父母每周锻炼4天或更多天的频率（OR为1.50；95% CI，1.28 - 1.75）相关。我们未发现户外玩耍与儿童看电视的时间、家庭收入、母亲的婚姻状况或父母对社区安全的认知之间存在显著关联。
该样本中约一半的学龄前儿童每天甚至没有一次在家长监督下的户外玩耍机会。增加户外积极玩耍的努力应特别针对女孩和非白人儿童。托育机构的户外玩耍机会对在外工作的父母的孩子至关重要。
