Pearson Alan, Jordan Zoe, Munn Zachary
The Joanna Briggs Institute, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
Nurs Res Pract. 2012;2012:792519. doi: 10.1155/2012/792519. Epub 2012 Feb 14.
The importance of basing health policy and health care practices on the best available international evidence ("evidence-based health care") and on translating knowledge or evidence into action ("translation science" or "translational research") is increasingly being emphasized across all health sectors inmost countries. Evidence-based healthcare is a process that identifies policy or clinical questions and addresses these questions by generating knowledge and evidence to effectively and appropriately deliver healthcare in ways that are effective, feasible, and meaningful to specific populations, cultures, and settings. This evidence is then appraised, synthesized, and transferred to service delivery settings and health professionals who then utilize it and evaluate its impact on health outcomes, health systems, and professional practice. Many of the common theories that address this translational process place it apart from the evidence-based practice cycle and most recognise only two translational gaps. This paper seeks to clarify the nature of evidence-based healthcare and translation science and proposes a reconceptualization that both brings together these two dominant ideas in modern healthcare and asserts the existence of a third fundamental gap that is rarely addressed the gap between knowledge need and discovery.
在大多数国家的所有卫生部门，越来越强调将卫生政策和医疗实践建立在可获得的最佳国际证据（“循证医疗”）基础上，并将知识或证据转化为行动（“转化科学”或“转化研究”）。循证医疗是一个识别政策或临床问题，并通过生成知识和证据来解决这些问题的过程，以便以有效、可行且对特定人群、文化和环境有意义的方式有效且适当地提供医疗服务。然后对这些证据进行评估、综合，并传递到服务提供场所和卫生专业人员手中，他们随后利用这些证据并评估其对健康结果、卫生系统和专业实践的影响。许多涉及这一转化过程的常见理论将其与循证实践周期区分开来，并且大多数理论只认识到两个转化差距。本文旨在阐明循证医疗和转化科学的本质，并提出一种重新概念化的观点，这种观点既将现代医疗保健中的这两个主导理念结合在一起，又断言存在第三个很少被提及的基本差距，即知识需求与发现之间的差距。
