Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012 Apr;2(4):a006213. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a006213.
Imaging has played a variety of roles in the study of Alzheimer disease (AD) over the past four decades. Initially, computed tomography (CT) and then magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used diagnostically to rule out other causes of dementia. More recently, a variety of imaging modalities including structural and functional MRI and positron emission tomography (PET) studies of cerebral metabolism with fluoro-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) and amyloid tracers such as Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB) have shown characteristic changes in the brains of patients with AD, and in prodromal and even presymptomatic states that can help rule-in the AD pathophysiological process. No one imaging modality can serve all purposes as each have unique strengths and weaknesses. These modalities and their particular utilities are discussed in this article. The challenge for the future will be to combine imaging biomarkers to most efficiently facilitate diagnosis, disease staging, and, most importantly, development of effective disease-modifying therapies.
在过去的四十年中，影像学在阿尔茨海默病（AD）的研究中发挥了多种作用。最初，计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振成像（MRI）用于诊断，以排除其他痴呆原因。最近，各种成像方式，包括结构和功能 MRI 以及正电子发射断层扫描（PET）研究脑代谢与氟代脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）和淀粉样蛋白示踪剂（如匹兹堡化合物-B（PiB）），已经显示出 AD 患者大脑中的特征性变化，以及在前驱期甚至症状前状态，有助于确定 AD 的病理生理过程。没有一种成像方式可以满足所有目的，因为每种方式都有其独特的优势和劣势。本文讨论了这些方式及其特定用途。未来的挑战将是结合成像生物标志物，以最有效地促进诊断、疾病分期，最重要的是，开发有效的疾病修饰治疗方法。
