Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2012;359:11-23. doi: 10.1007/82_2012_214.
Hendra virus, a novel and fatally zoonotic member of the family Paramyxoviridae, was first described in Australia in 1994. Periodic spillover from its natural host (fruit bats) results in catastrophic disease in horses and occasionally the subsequent infection of humans. Prior to 2011, 14 equine incidents involving seven human cases (four fatal) were recorded. The year 2011 saw a dramatic departure from the sporadic incidents of the previous 16 years, with a cluster of 18 incidents in a single 3-month period. The fundamental difference in 2011 was the total number of incidents, the geographic clustering, and the expanded geographic range. The 2011 cluster more than doubled the total number of incidents previously reported, and poses the possibility of a new HeV infection paradigm. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that compelling additional host and/or environmental factors were at play.
亨德拉病毒是副黏病毒科的一种新型、致命的人畜共患病病毒，于 1994 年在澳大利亚首次被描述。该病毒会定期从其自然宿主（果蝠）溢出，导致马灾难性疾病，并偶尔随后感染人类。在 2011 年之前，共记录了 14 起涉及 7 例人类病例（4 例死亡）的马事件。2011 年与前 16 年的零星事件有明显不同，在 3 个月内发生了 18 起集群事件。2011 年的根本区别在于事件总数、地理聚集和扩展的地理范围。2011 年的集群事件数量比之前报告的总数增加了一倍多，这可能预示着一种新的亨德拉病毒感染模式。流行病学证据表明，有引人注目的其他宿主和/或环境因素在起作用。
