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景观利用、动物行为与亨德拉病毒风险。

Landscape Utilisation, Animal Behaviour and Hendra Virus Risk.

机构信息

Queensland Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD, 4108, Australia.

EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, 10001, USA.

出版信息

Ecohealth. 2016 Mar;13(1):26-38. doi: 10.1007/s10393-015-1066-8. Epub 2015 Sep 24.

Abstract

Hendra virus causes sporadic fatal disease in horses and humans in eastern Australia. Pteropid bats (flying-foxes) are the natural host of the virus. The mode of flying-fox to horse transmission remains unclear, but oro-nasal contact with flying-fox urine, faeces or saliva is the most plausible. We used GPS data logger technology to explore the landscape utilisation of black flying-foxes and horses to gain new insight into equine exposure risk. Flying-fox foraging was repetitious, with individuals returning night after night to the same location. There was a preference for fragmented arboreal landscape and non-native plant species, resulting in increased flying-fox activity around rural infrastructure. Our preliminary equine data logger study identified significant variation between diurnal and nocturnal grazing behaviour that, combined with the observed flying-fox foraging behaviour, could contribute to Hendra virus exposure risk. While we found no significant risk-exposing difference in individual horse movement behaviour in this study, the prospect warrants further investigation, as does the broader role of animal behaviour and landscape utilisation on the transmission dynamics of Hendra virus.

摘要

亨德拉病毒会导致澳大利亚东部的马和人类出现散发性致命疾病。狐蝠(果蝠)是该病毒的天然宿主。狐蝠向马传播的模式仍不清楚,但最合理的推测是通过与狐蝠的尿液、粪便或唾液进行口鼻接触。我们使用 GPS 数据记录器技术来探索黑蝙蝠和马的景观利用情况,以深入了解马接触病毒的风险。狐蝠觅食具有重复性,个体每晚都会回到同一地点。它们偏爱碎片化的树木景观和非本地植物物种,导致农村基础设施周围的狐蝠活动增加。我们的初步马用数据记录器研究发现,昼夜放牧行为之间存在显著差异,再加上观察到的狐蝠觅食行为,可能会增加亨德拉病毒暴露的风险。虽然我们在这项研究中没有发现个体马运动行为存在显著的风险暴露差异,但这一前景值得进一步调查,同时还需要研究动物行为和景观利用对亨德拉病毒传播动态的更广泛影响。

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