Harmon Thomas, Turner Charles F, Rogers Susan M, Eggleston Elizabeth, Roman Anthony M, Villarroel Maria A, Chromy James R, Ganapathi Laxminarayana, Li Sheping
Public Opin Q. 2009 Summer;73(2):255-280. doi: 10.1093/poq/nfp020. Epub 2009 May 28.
Numerous studies have shown that audio-computer-assisted self-interviewing (audio-CASI) and telephone audio-CASI (T-ACASI) technologies yield increased reporting of sensitive and stigmatized objective phenomena such as sexual and drug use behaviors. Little attention has been given, however, to the impact of these technologies on the measurement of subjective phenomena (attitudes, opinions, feelings, etc.). This article reports results for the seven subjective measurements included in the National STD and Behavior Measurement Experiment (NSBME). NSBME drew probability samples of USA and Baltimore adults (Ns = 1,543 and 744, respectively) and randomized these respondents to be interviewed by T-ACASI or telephone interviewer-administered questioning (T-IAQ). Response distributions for all subjective measurements obtained by T-ACASI diverge from those obtained by human telephone interviewers. For six of our seven ordinal-scaled measurements, this divergence involved shifting responses directionally along the ordinal scale, as opposed to a nondirectional redistribution among response categories. When interviewed by T-ACASI, respondents were more supportive of traditional gender roles and corporal punishment, less supportive of integrated neighborhoods and same-gender sex, and more likely to agree that occasional marijuana use is harmless and to describe themselves as attractive. The majority of these results suggest that telephone survey respondents may provide more "tolerant" and "socially liberal" responses to human interviewers than to a T-ACASI computer. Similarly, although the evidence is not entirely consistent, the impact of T-ACASI appears to increase with the social vulnerability of the population surveyed.
众多研究表明，音频计算机辅助自我访谈（audio-CASI）和电话音频计算机辅助自我访谈（T-ACASI）技术能使诸如性和吸毒行为等敏感及受污名化的客观现象的报告率有所提高。然而，这些技术对主观现象（态度、观点、感受等）测量的影响却很少受到关注。本文报告了国家性传播疾病与行为测量实验（NSBME）中包含的七项主观测量结果。NSBME抽取了美国和巴尔的摩成年人的概率样本（分别为1543人和744人），并将这些受访者随机分配，由T-ACASI或电话访员进行提问（T-IAQ）。T-ACASI获得的所有主观测量的回答分布与电话访员获得的回答分布不同。在我们的七项有序量表测量中，有六项的这种差异涉及沿着有序量表在方向上改变回答，而不是在回答类别之间进行无方向的重新分布。当由T-ACASI进行访谈时，受访者更支持传统性别角色和体罚，不太支持融合社区和同性性行为，并且更有可能同意偶尔吸食大麻无害，并将自己描述为有吸引力。这些结果中的大多数表明，电话调查受访者对人类访员可能比对T-ACASI计算机提供更“宽容”和“社会自由主义”的回答。同样，尽管证据并不完全一致，但T-ACASI的影响似乎随着被调查人群的社会脆弱性而增加。
