Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-Room 219, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Curr Hypertens Rep. 2012 Jun;14(3):228-37. doi: 10.1007/s11906-012-0265-8.
Vascular calcification can occur in nearly all arterial beds and in both the medial and intimal layers. The initiating factors and clinical consequences depend on the underlying disease state and location of the calcification. The best studied manifestation is coronary artery calcification, in part because of the obvious clinical consequences, but also because of CT-based imaging modalities. In the general population, the presence of coronary artery calcification increases cardiovascular risk above that predicted by traditional Framingham risk factors, suggesting the presence of nontraditional risk factors. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), coronary artery calcification is more prevalent and markedly more severe than in the general population. In these CKD patients, nontraditional risk factors such as oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and disordered mineral metabolism are also more prevalent and more severe and offer mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of vascular calcification.
血管钙化几乎可发生于所有动脉床，且可发生于中膜和内膜层。引发因素和临床后果取决于潜在疾病状态和钙化部位。研究最多的表现是冠状动脉钙化，部分原因是其明显的临床后果，还有部分原因是 CT 成像方式。在一般人群中，冠状动脉钙化的存在使心血管风险高于传统弗雷明汉危险因素预测的风险，提示存在非传统危险因素。在慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者中，冠状动脉钙化比一般人群更为普遍且严重程度显著增加。在这些 CKD 患者中，氧化应激、糖基化终产物和矿物质代谢紊乱等非传统危险因素也更为普遍且严重，为血管钙化的发病机制提供了深入的了解。
