Hammonds Frank
Auburn University.
Anal Verbal Behav. 2006;22(1):101-10. doi: 10.1007/BF03393031.
The existence of learning without awareness has been debated for many years. Learning without awareness is said to occur when an individual's behavior has been affected without that individual being aware of the conditions affecting the behavior, of the relationship between those conditions and the behavior, or of the fact that the behavior has changed. This paper describes a series of experiments investigating this phenomenon. The findings support the existence of "learning without awareness." However, it is argued that the term "awareness" should be discarded as it is misleading. Instead, the results of the experiments are discussed in terms of behavior for which the individual does not provide a complete verbal account.
无意识学习的存在已被争论多年。当个体的行为受到影响，而该个体并未意识到影响行为的条件、这些条件与行为之间的关系，或者行为已经发生改变这一事实时，就被认为发生了无意识学习。本文描述了一系列研究这一现象的实验。研究结果支持“无意识学习”的存在。然而，有人认为“意识”这个术语应该被摒弃，因为它具有误导性。相反，实验结果是根据个体无法给出完整言语描述的行为来进行讨论的。
