对界定指令和触觉的后果的初步调查。
A preliminary investigation of the consequences that define the mand and the tact.
作者信息
Stafford M W, Sundberg M L, Braam S J
出版信息
Anal Verbal Behav. 1988;6:61-71. doi: 10.1007/BF03392829.
Skinner (1957) proposed that the mand and the tact differed with respect to their unique antecedents and consequences. The present study examined the specific reinforcement characteristic of the mand, and the nonspecific reinforcement characteristic of the tact. A severely mentally impaired individual who used sign language served as subject. A concurrent-chain with latency measures and choice was used. The results showed that specific reinforcement produced stronger verbal behavior than nonspecific reinforcement, but only when response strength was measured in terms of latency and choice. These data lend support to Skinner's assertion that the mand and the tact are different operants. These results also have practical significance in that they may lead to more effective work with individuals who have speech and language impairments.
斯金纳（1957年）提出，祈使和触觉在其独特的前因和后果方面存在差异。本研究考察了祈使的特定强化特征和触觉的非特定强化特征。一名使用手语的重度精神障碍个体作为研究对象。采用了带有潜伏期测量和选择的并发链。结果表明，特定强化比非特定强化产生更强的言语行为，但只有在根据潜伏期和选择来衡量反应强度时才如此。这些数据支持了斯金纳的观点，即祈使和触觉是不同的操作性行为。这些结果也具有实际意义，因为它们可能会使针对有言语和语言障碍个体的工作更有效。
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