Sundberg M L
Anal Verbal Behav. 1993;11:99-116. doi: 10.1007/BF03392891.
The three major types of augmentative communication for nonverbal persons consist of writing (or typing), pointing, and signing. These alternative response forms are examined in terms of their advantages and disadvantages for establishing effective verbal behavior. In addition, these systems are examined using the concepts from Skinner's (1957) analysis of verbal behavior (i.e., mand, tact, intraverbal, and autoclitic). The results of this analysis show that sign language has the most advantages and the fewest disadvantages, and more closely parallels speech in terms of the verbal operants. Although, the current trend is to favor facilitated communication (typing) and pointing systems, both of these response forms have several disadvantages that impede the development of the verbal operants. It is suggested that for many nonverbal individuals sign language is a better alternative response form, and has a better chance of improving speech.
针对非言语人士的三种主要辅助沟通方式包括书写（或打字）、指物和手语。从建立有效言语行为的利弊角度对这些替代反应形式进行了审视。此外，运用斯金纳（1957年）对言语行为的分析概念（即祈使、实指、互动语言和辅助语言成分）对这些系统进行了研究。该分析结果表明，手语优点最多、缺点最少，在言语操作方面与言语最为相似。尽管当前的趋势倾向于支持辅助沟通（打字）和指物系统，但这两种反应形式都有若干缺点，阻碍了言语操作的发展。建议对于许多非言语个体而言，手语是更好的替代反应形式，且更有机会改善言语能力。
