McDowell J J
Behav Anal. 1989 Fall;12(2):153-66. doi: 10.1007/BF03392492.
Matching theory is a mathematical theory of choice behavior, parts of which have been shown to hold in natural human environments and to have important therapeutic applications. Two modern developments in matching theory are discussed in this article. The first is the mathematical description of behavior in asymmetrical choice situations, which are situations where different reinforcers and/or different behaviors are associated with concurrently available response alternatives. Most choice situations in natural human environments are probably asymmetrical. The second development in matching theory is the mathematical description of a tendency toward indifferent responding in all choice situations. Behavior in asymmetrical choice situations and the tendency toward indifferent responding in all choice situations can be described by modifications of the matching equations, which change the equations from lines into power functions. These modern forms have been extraordinarily successful in describing behavior in choice situations, and are the forms most likely to accurately describe human behavior in naturally occurring environments.
匹配理论是一种关于选择行为的数学理论，其中部分内容已被证明在自然人类环境中成立，并具有重要的治疗应用。本文讨论了匹配理论的两个现代发展。第一个是对非对称选择情境中行为的数学描述，在这种情境中，不同的强化物和/或不同的行为与同时可用的反应选项相关联。自然人类环境中的大多数选择情境可能都是非对称的。匹配理论的第二个发展是对所有选择情境中无差异反应倾向的数学描述。非对称选择情境中的行为以及所有选择情境中无差异反应的倾向可以通过对匹配方程的修改来描述，这些修改将方程从直线形式转变为幂函数形式。这些现代形式在描述选择情境中的行为方面非常成功，并且是最有可能准确描述自然环境中人类行为的形式。
