论匹配理论的可证伪性。
On the falsifiability of matching theory.
作者信息
McDowell J J
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 1986 Jan;45(1):63-74. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1986.45-63.
Herrnstein's matching theory requires the parameter, k, which appears in the single-alternative form of the matching equation, to remain invariant with respect to changes in reinforcement parameters like magnitude or immediacy. Recent experiments have disconfirmed matching theory by showing that the invariant-k requirement does not hold. However, the theory can be asserted in a purely algebraic form that does not require an invariant k and that is not disconfirmed by the recent findings. In addition, both the original and the purely algebraic versions of matching theory can be asserted in forms that allow for commonly observed deviations from matching (bias, undermatching, and overmatching). The recent finding of a variable k does not disconfirm these versions of matching theory either. As a consequence, matching remains a viable theory of behavior, the strength of which lies in its general conceptualization of all behavior as choice, and in its unified mathematical treatment of single- and multialternative environments.
赫恩斯坦的匹配理论要求出现在匹配方程单选项形式中的参数k，相对于诸如强化量值或即时性等强化参数的变化保持不变。最近的实验通过表明不变k的要求不成立，从而证伪了匹配理论。然而，该理论可以以一种纯粹代数的形式来阐述，这种形式不需要一个不变的k，并且不会被最近的研究结果证伪。此外，匹配理论的原始版本和纯粹代数版本都可以以允许常见的与匹配的偏差（偏差、欠匹配和过度匹配）的形式来阐述。最近关于可变k的发现也没有证伪这些版本的匹配理论。因此，匹配仍然是一种可行的行为理论，其优势在于将所有行为普遍概念化为选择，以及对单选项和多选项环境进行统一的数学处理。
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