Clawson Terri H, Leafman Joan, Nehrenz Guy M, Kimmer Sandra
LDS Charities, 50 East North Temple 7th Floor, Salt Lake City, UT 84150, USA.
Mil Med. 2012 Mar;177(3):291-5. doi: 10.7205/milmed-d-11-00279.
The U.S. Navy sponsors annual Pacific Partnership deployments to provide humanitarian and disaster relief training for the U.S. military, partner nations, nongovernmental organizations, and host nations. Communication between these groups and the local populations receiving medical care is problematic in that sufficient numbers of capable translators are often unavailable or vastly undertrained with respect to medical terminology and practice. In addition, should Pacific Partnership respond to a real disaster, adequate numbers of translators will likely be unavailable as a result of the disaster itself. Consequently, medical providers will require alternate methods of communication previously tested for efficacy and validity. One such method is the use of pictograms designed to represent common medical maladies. To determine whether pictograms meet the 85% congruence level required by the American National Standards Institute, 36 images were provided to English-speaking physician assistants and nurse practitioners for interpretation with three images repeated within the array to assess internal validity of the questionnaire. Of the 33 distinct images, 26 (79%) reached 85% congruence showing that validated images may be a method of communication in circumstances where medical providers and patients speak discordant languages.
美国海军发起年度“太平洋伙伴关系”部署行动，为美国军队、伙伴国家、非政府组织及东道国提供人道主义和救灾培训。这些群体与接受医疗护理的当地民众之间的沟通存在问题，因为往往没有足够数量的合格翻译，或者翻译在医学术语和实践方面的培训严重不足。此外，如果“太平洋伙伴关系”应对实际灾难，由于灾难本身，可能无法提供足够数量的翻译。因此，医疗服务提供者将需要其他经过有效性和效度测试的沟通方法。一种这样的方法是使用旨在代表常见疾病的象形图。为了确定象形图是否符合美国国家标准学会要求的85%一致性水平，向说英语的医师助理和执业护士提供了36张图像以供解读，其中三张图像在阵列中重复出现，以评估问卷的内部效度。在33张不同的图像中，26张（79%）达到了85%的一致性，这表明经过验证的图像可能是医疗服务提供者和患者语言不通情况下的一种沟通方式。
