Felisati D, Manghisi P
Divisione ORL Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Milano.
Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 1990;10 Suppl 28:23-34.
The idea of anti-inflammatory therapy in medicine arose in the 1950's with the development of corticosteroids. Prior to this time the treatment of phlogistic pathologies was aimed at achieving analgesic, antipyretic and diaphoretic effects. Cortisone and its derivatives have spurred the setting up of a series of pharmacological tests to study their anti-inflammatory activity and to verify their clinical efficacy in rheumatology. The side effects of corticosteroids have promoted research into non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NADs). A new pharmacological class has been created which includes substances-some previously known and some newly synthesized-which can also be used in disease other than rheumatic pathologies. In the E.N.T. field, both cortisone (and its derivatives) and NADs have been applied in many different types of inflammatory pathologies: infective and non infective, acute, subacute, recurrent, chronic and chronic with exacerbations. Modern antiphlogistic therapy avails itself of other therapeutic means of defense as well; means such as proteolytic and secretolytic enzymes, antiedematous substances and the old sulphuric crenotherapy whose action mechanism can, today, be newly interpreted and reassessed in light of modern pharmacological knowledge.
医学中的抗炎治疗理念始于20世纪50年代皮质类固醇的发展。在此之前，炎性疾病的治疗旨在实现止痛、退热和发汗效果。可的松及其衍生物促使人们开展了一系列药理学试验，以研究其抗炎活性并验证其在风湿病学中的临床疗效。皮质类固醇的副作用推动了对非甾体抗炎药（NADs）的研究。由此产生了一类新的药理学药物，其中包括一些先前已知的物质和一些新合成的物质，这些物质也可用于风湿性疾病以外的其他疾病。在耳鼻喉科领域，可的松（及其衍生物）和NADs已被应用于许多不同类型的炎性疾病：感染性和非感染性、急性、亚急性、复发性、慢性以及伴有病情加重的慢性疾病。现代抗炎治疗还利用了其他治疗性防御手段；例如蛋白水解酶和分泌溶解酶、抗水肿物质以及古老的硫酸浴疗法，如今，根据现代药理学知识，其作用机制可以得到新的解释和重新评估。
