Office of Community Health, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 135 College St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012 May;112(5):671-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.01.020. Epub 2012 Apr 3.
Energy density is a relatively new concept that has been identified as an important factor in body weight control in adults and in children and adolescents. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 encourages consumption of an eating pattern low in energy density to manage body weight. This article describes the systematic evidence-based review conducted by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC), with support from the US Department of Agriculture's Nutrition Evidence Library, which resulted in this recommendation. An update to the committee's review was prepared for this article. PubMed was searched for English-language publications from January 1980 to May 2011. The literature review included 17 studies (seven randomized controlled trials, one nonrandomized controlled trial, and nine cohort studies) in adults and six cohort studies in children and adolescents. Based on this evidence, the 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee concluded that strong and consistent evidence in adults indicates that dietary patterns relatively low in energy density improve weight loss and weight maintenance. In addition, the committee concluded that there was moderately strong evidence from methodologically rigorous longitudinal cohort studies in children and adolescents to suggest that there is a positive association between dietary energy density and increased adiposity. This review supports a relationship between energy density and body weight in adults and in children and adolescents such that consuming diets lower in energy density may be an effective strategy for managing body weight.
能量密度是一个相对较新的概念，它被认为是成年人和儿童青少年体重控制的一个重要因素。2010 年《美国居民膳食指南》鼓励人们采用低能量密度的饮食模式来控制体重。本文描述了由美国农业部营养证据库支持的 2010 年膳食指南咨询委员会（DGAC）进行的系统循证综述，这促成了该建议的提出。本文对委员会的综述进行了更新。检索了 1980 年 1 月至 2011 年 5 月的英语文献，文献综述包括 17 项成人研究（7 项随机对照试验、1 项非随机对照试验和 9 项队列研究）和 6 项儿童和青少年队列研究。基于这些证据，2010 年膳食指南咨询委员会得出结论，强有力且一致的成人证据表明，能量密度相对较低的饮食模式可促进体重减轻和维持。此外，委员会还得出结论，从方法严谨的儿童青少年纵向队列研究中获得了中等强度的证据，表明饮食能量密度与肥胖增加之间存在正相关关系。本综述支持能量密度与成人和儿童青少年体重之间的关系，即摄入低能量密度的饮食可能是控制体重的有效策略。
