Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania 17815-1301, USA.
J Voice. 2012 Sep;26(5):670.e15-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.12.001. Epub 2012 Apr 3.
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to specifically examine the effects of vocal loudness/intensity condition and vowel type on cepstral analysis measurements.
Experimental, mixed design.
Sustained vowel samples of /i/, /ɑ/, /u/, and /æ/ were elicited from 92 healthy male and female subjects between the ages of 18 and 30 years at three different vocal loudness conditions: (1) "Comfortable pitch and loudness," (2) "As softly as possible without whispering," and (3) "As loudly as possible, without screaming/straining the voice or tensing of the neck region." Recordings were made using a calibrated headset microphone and digitized to computer. Vowel samples were analyzed for vocal intensity (decibels), fundamental frequency (F0 in Hertzz), and relative amplitude of the smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPs in decibels).
Significant main effects of loudness condition (with a significant increase in CPPs from quiet to comfortable to loud voice) and gender (males having significantly greater mean CPPs than females) were observed. In addition, results indicated that vowel type had a significant effect on the CPP (greater CPPs for low vowels [/ɑ/ and /æ/] vs high vowels [/i/ and /u/]).
The results of this study indicate that both the loudness/intensity of vowel elicitation and vowel type should be monitored closely in both research and clinical situations. Changes in the mode of phonation, as well supraglottal changes that effect vocal tract resonances and vocal intensity, appear to combine to result in substantial differences in the CPPs for different vocal loudness/intensity conditions and vowel types. These results indicate that separate cepstral norms are necessary for vowel type, as well as for gender, when using cepstral analysis as a clinical tool.
目的/假设：本研究的目的是专门研究声音响度/强度条件和元音类型对倒谱分析测量的影响。
实验，混合设计。
从 92 名年龄在 18 至 30 岁之间的健康男性和女性受试者中引出/i/、/ɑ/、/u/和/æ/的持续元音样本，在三种不同的声音响度条件下：（1）“舒适的音调和响度”，（2）“尽可能柔和，不要耳语”，（3）“尽可能大声，不要尖叫/用力，不要拉紧颈部区域。”使用校准的耳机麦克风进行录制，并数字化到计算机。对元音样本进行声音强度（分贝）、基频（赫兹中的 F0）和平滑倒谱峰突出度（CPPs 的相对幅度（分贝）分析。
观察到响度条件（CPP 从安静到舒适到大声声音显著增加）和性别（男性的 CPP 均值明显大于女性）的显著主效应。此外，结果表明，元音类型对 CPP 有显著影响（低元音[ /ɑ/和 /æ/]的 CPP 较大，而高元音 [/i/和 /u/]）。
本研究的结果表明，在研究和临床情况下，都应密切监测元音引出的响度/强度和元音类型。发音方式的变化，以及影响声道共振和声音强度的声门上变化，似乎结合起来，导致不同声音响度/强度条件和元音类型的 CPP 存在显著差异。这些结果表明，当使用倒谱分析作为临床工具时，不仅需要针对元音类型，还需要针对性别，制定单独的倒谱规范。
