Wardle J
Institute of Psychiatry, University of London, U.K.
Addict Behav. 1990;15(4):387-93. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(90)90047-2.
Excessive eating is one of the principal characteristics of bulimia. Eating more than intended is also a prominent feature both of obese people who are trying to lose weight and normal weight women who are attempting to restrict their food intake. Overeating tends to be triggered by a specific set of cues, which commonly involve either mood disturbances or exposure to "forbidden" food, but may include other environmental cues. It is argued that conditioning processes are relevant both to the establishment of meal patterns in normal subjects and in the maintenance of excessive eating. Treatment procedures have typically followed the general approach of "Self Management" which emphasises reducing exposure to the cues associated with eating. An alternative approach derives from the idea that the association between eating responses (or urges to eat) and external cues may be learned, and therefore should in principle be ameanable to extinction through systematic unreinforced exposure. In this article the possible mechanisms of cue-induced overeating are discussed and the potential utility of cue exposure techniques for the management of excessive eating evaluated.
暴饮暴食是贪食症的主要特征之一。饮食过量也是试图减肥的肥胖者以及试图限制食物摄入量的正常体重女性的一个突出特点。暴饮暴食往往由一组特定的线索引发，这些线索通常涉及情绪紊乱或接触“禁食”食物，但也可能包括其他环境线索。有人认为，条件作用过程与正常受试者进食模式的建立以及暴饮暴食的维持都有关。治疗程序通常遵循“自我管理”的一般方法，该方法强调减少接触与进食相关的线索。另一种方法源于这样一种观点，即进食反应（或进食冲动）与外部线索之间的关联可能是习得的，因此原则上应该可以通过系统的无强化暴露来消除。在本文中，我们讨论了线索诱发暴饮暴食的可能机制，并评估了线索暴露技术在管理暴饮暴食方面的潜在效用。
