van den Akker Karolien, Schyns Ghislaine, Jansen Anita
Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Curr Addict Rep. 2018;5(2):223-231. doi: 10.1007/s40429-018-0207-x. Epub 2018 Apr 21.
This review provides an overview of recent findings relating to the role of Pavlovian conditioning in food cue reactivity, including its application to overeating and weight loss interventions.
Both in the laboratory and in real life, cue-elicited appetitive reactivity (e.g., eating desires) can be easily learned, but (long-term) extinction is more difficult. New findings suggest impaired appetitive learning in obesity, which might be causally related to overeating. The clinical analogue of extinction-cue exposure therapy-effectively reduces cue-elicited cravings and overeating. While its working mechanisms are still unclear, some studies suggest that reducing overeating expectancies is important.
Pavlovian learning theory provides a still undervalued theoretical framework of how cravings and overeating can be learned and how they might be effectively tackled. Future studies should aim to elucidate inter-individual differences in Pavlovian conditioning, study ways to strengthen (long-term) extinction, and investigate the working mechanisms of cue exposure therapy.
本综述概述了与巴甫洛夫条件反射在食物线索反应性中的作用相关的近期研究结果，包括其在暴饮暴食和减肥干预中的应用。
在实验室和现实生活中，线索引发的食欲反应（如进食欲望）都很容易习得，但（长期的）消退则较为困难。新的研究结果表明肥胖个体存在食欲学习障碍，这可能与暴饮暴食存在因果关系。消退线索暴露疗法的临床类似方法能有效减少线索引发的渴望和暴饮暴食。虽然其作用机制尚不清楚，但一些研究表明降低暴饮暴食预期很重要。
巴甫洛夫学习理论为渴望和暴饮暴食如何习得以及如何有效应对提供了一个仍未得到充分重视的理论框架。未来的研究应旨在阐明巴甫洛夫条件反射中的个体差异，研究强化（长期）消退的方法，并探究线索暴露疗法的作用机制。
