Determinants of neuropsychological impairment in antisocial substance abusers.

Persons displaying Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASP) may be at risk for neuropsychological impairment due to a number of developmental and later life experiences to which they are prone. Thirty substance abusers meeting research criteria for ASP were compared to a demographically matched non-ASP cohort on neuropsychological test performance. The ASP subjects were found to have a higher prevalence of neuropsychological deficit. The groups were then compared on factors which might lead to brain impairment. Presence of ASP was associated with earlier and heavier past drinking patterns, more negative health and behavioral effects of alcohol abuse, and greater abuse of other drugs in addition to alcohol. The ASP alcoholics also reported a high prevalence of serious head injury (58%), although they did not differ from non-ASP alcoholics in this regard. Implications for the neuropsychology of alcoholism and for treatment are discussed.