Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and the Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
J Environ Manage. 2012 Jul 30;103:133-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.03.007. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
Fish can become stranded when water levels decrease, often rapidly, as a result of anthropogenic (e.g., canal drawdown, hydropeaking, vessel wakes) and natural (e.g., floods, drought, winter ice dynamics) events. We summarize existing research on stranding of fish in freshwater, discuss the sources, consequences, and mitigation options for stranding, and report current knowledge gaps. Our literature review revealed that ∼65.5% of relevant peer-reviewed articles were found to focus on stranding associated with hydropower operations and irrigation projects. In fact, anthropogenic sources of fish stranding represented 81.8% of available literature compared to only 19.9% attributed to natural fish stranding events. While fish mortality as a result of stranding is well documented, our analysis revealed that little is known about the sublethal and long-term consequences of stranding on growth and population dynamics. Furthermore, the contribution of stranding to annual mortality rates is poorly understood as are the potential ecosystem-scale impacts. Mitigation strategies available to deal with stranding include fish salvage, ramping rate limitations, and physical habitat works (e.g., to contour substrate to minimize stranding). However, a greater knowledge of the factors that cause fish stranding would promote the development and refinement of mitigation strategies that are economically and ecologically sustainable.
鱼类在水位下降时会被困，这通常是由于人为（例如运河水位下降、水力发电波动、船只尾流）和自然（例如洪水、干旱、冬季冰动力）事件导致的。我们总结了淡水鱼类搁浅的现有研究，讨论了搁浅的来源、后果和缓解选择，并报告了当前的知识空白。我们的文献综述显示，约 65.5%的相关同行评议文章集中在与水力发电运营和灌溉项目相关的搁浅上。事实上，与仅 19.9%归因于自然鱼类搁浅事件相比，人为因素导致的鱼类搁浅占可用文献的 81.8%。虽然由于搁浅导致鱼类死亡的情况已有充分记录，但我们的分析表明，对于搁浅对生长和种群动态的亚致死和长期后果知之甚少。此外，搁浅对年死亡率的贡献以及潜在的生态系统规模影响也知之甚少。可用于应对搁浅的缓解策略包括鱼类抢救、升速限制和物理栖息地工程（例如，塑造基底以最大程度减少搁浅）。然而，更深入地了解导致鱼类搁浅的因素将有助于制定和完善具有经济和生态可持续性的缓解策略。
