Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Germany.
Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto Calif). 2012;5:107-32. doi: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062011-143130. Epub 2012 Apr 15.
The more nanotechnology develops, the more likely the release of engineered nanoparticles into the environment becomes. Due to a huge excess of natural nanoparticles, the identification and quantification of engineered nanoparticles pose a big challenge to analysts. Moreover, identification in a qualitative sense and quantification by mass concentration alone are not sufficient, because the potential environmental hazard arising from engineered nanoparticles is controlled by many other properties of the particles. We discuss the most important methods of fractionation and detection of both natural and engineered nanoparticles, with a focus on the chemical nature of the particles, particle concentration, and particle size. Analyses should not rely on only one method; instead, several complementary methods should, if possible, be used. Coupled techniques should be further developed and increasingly applied. Dedicated techniques that are tailored to the search for a particular sort of engineered nanoparticles are more promising than universal approaches that search for any engineered nanoparticles.
随着纳米技术的发展，越来越有可能将工程纳米粒子释放到环境中。由于天然纳米粒子的大量过剩，对分析人员来说，识别和量化工程纳米粒子是一个巨大的挑战。此外，仅进行定性识别和质量浓度定量是不够的，因为工程纳米粒子所带来的潜在环境危害受到颗粒许多其他性质的控制。我们讨论了分离和检测天然和工程纳米粒子的最重要方法，重点是颗粒的化学性质、颗粒浓度和颗粒大小。分析不应仅依赖于一种方法；相反，如果可能的话，应使用几种互补的方法。应进一步开发并越来越多地应用耦合技术。针对特定类型的工程纳米粒子的专用技术比搜索任何工程纳米粒子的通用方法更有前途。
