Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Applied Sciences, University of North Texas, 1704 W. Mulberry Street, Denton, TX 76201, USA.
Chemosphere. 2012 Jul;88(3):323-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.005. Epub 2012 Apr 6.
Constructed wetlands are a potential method for the removal of two pharmaceutical and personal care products from wastewater effluent. Triclosan (TCS; 5-chloro-2-[2,4-dichlorophenoxy]phenol) and triclocarban (TCC; 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanillide) are antimicrobial agents added to a variety of consumer products whose accumulation patterns in constructed wetlands are poorly understood. Here, we report the accumulation of TCS, its metabolite methyl-triclosan (MTCS; 5-chloro-2-[2,4-dichlorophenoxy]), and TCC in wetland plant tissues and sediments. Three wetland macrophytes: Typha latifolia, Pontederia cordata, and Sagittaria graminea were sampled from a constructed wetland in Denton, Texas, USA. MTCS concentrations were below the method detection limit (MDL) for all species. TCS root tissue concentrations in T. latifolia were significantly greater than root concentrations in P. cordata (mean±SE in ng g(-1): 40.3±11.3 vs. 15.0±1.9, respectively), while for TCC, shoot tissue concentrations in S. graminea were significantly greater than in T. latifolia (22.8±9.3 vs. 9.0 (MDL), respectively). For both TCS and TCC, T. latifolia root tissue concentrations were significantly greater than shoot concentrations (TCS: 40.3±11.3 vs. 17.2±0.2, TCC: 26.0±3.6 vs. 9.0, (MDL)). TCC concentrations in P. cordata roots were significantly greater than in shoots (34.4±5.3 vs. 15.4±2.8, respectively). TCS concentrations in T. latifolia roots and sediments and TCC concentrations in sediments generally decreased from wetland inflow to outflow. To our knowledge, this is the first study documenting species and tissue specific differences in the accumulation of TCS and TCC in plants from an operational constructed wetland. The species specific differences in bioaccumulation suggest TCS and TCC removal from constructed wetlands could be enhanced through targeted plantings.
人工湿地是去除废水中两种药物和个人护理产品的一种有潜力的方法。三氯生（TCS；5-氯-2-[2,4-二氯苯氧基]苯酚）和三氯卡班（TCC；3,4,4'-三氯卡班）是添加到各种消费品中的抗菌剂，其在人工湿地中的积累模式知之甚少。在这里，我们报告了 TCS、其代谢物甲基三氯生（MTCS；5-氯-2-[2,4-二氯苯氧基]）和 TCC 在湿地植物组织和沉积物中的积累。三种湿地植物：美国德克萨斯州丹顿市人工湿地中的香蒲、菖蒲和箭叶莎草被采集。所有物种的 MTCS 浓度均低于方法检测限（MDL）。T. latifolia 植物根组织中的 TCS 浓度明显高于 P. cordata（ng g(-1) 的平均值±标准误差：40.3±11.3 与 15.0±1.9），而对于 TCC，S. graminea 的地上组织浓度明显高于 T. latifolia（22.8±9.3 与 9.0（MDL））。对于 TCS 和 TCC，T. latifolia 植物根组织中的浓度明显高于地上组织（TCS：40.3±11.3 与 17.2±0.2，TCC：26.0±3.6 与 9.0，（MDL））。P. cordata 植物根组织中的 TCC 浓度明显高于地上组织（34.4±5.3 与 15.4±2.8）。T. latifolia 植物根和沉积物中的 TCS 浓度以及沉积物中的 TCC 浓度通常从湿地入流到流出而降低。据我们所知，这是第一项记录操作型人工湿地中植物对 TCS 和 TCC 积累的种和组织特异性差异的研究。生物积累的种特异性差异表明，通过有针对性的种植，可以增强人工湿地对 TCS 和 TCC 的去除。
