Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2012 Oct;36(10):1779-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01783.x. Epub 2012 Apr 6.
Little is known about the effects of low levels of maternal alcohol intake on the neuropsychological development of the child. This study is part of an ongoing investigation on maternal drinking and presents data on demographic variables, maternal alcohol use, and birth outcomes from that study.
The sample comprised 2,264 women from a Swedish antenatal clinic. Retrospective self-report data were collected on alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy, using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and on nicotine use. Specific alcohol biomarkers for excessive drinking, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum and phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in whole blood, were determined during mid-pregnancy in a subsample of the women. Data on labor and early characteristics of the child were also assessed.
Before pregnancy, 89% of the women regularly consumed alcohol and 49% reported occasional or frequent binge drinking. Nicotine was used by 15% before and by 5% during pregnancy. During pregnancy, 12% continued using alcohol and 5% also admitted binge drinking. However, all alcohol biomarker values were below the reporting limits (CDT ≤ 1.7% disialotransferrin; total PEth < 0.1 μmol/L). Self-reported drinking during pregnancy was associated with a higher AUDIT score before pregnancy, nicotine use at the time of the first prenatal visit, older age, and previous legal abortions.
The AUDIT questionnaire and 2 specific alcohol biomarkers were used in routine maternity care to collect information about drinking during pregnancy and thereby to identify children at risk for alcohol-related complications. While the AUDIT results suggested that a significant number of women continued using alcohol during pregnancy, implying a risk for fetal disorders, the biomarkers showed negative test values thus indicating only modest drinking levels.
人们对低水平的母体酒精摄入对儿童神经心理发育的影响知之甚少。本研究是对母体饮酒的一项正在进行的调查的一部分，呈现了该研究中母体饮酒和出生结局的人口统计学变量、母体酒精使用和数据。
样本包括来自瑞典产前诊所的 2264 名女性。使用酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT），回顾性地收集了妊娠前和妊娠期间的酒精摄入量，以及尼古丁使用情况的自我报告数据。在一部分女性中，在妊娠中期还确定了血清中碳水化合物缺乏转铁蛋白（CDT）和全血中磷脂酰乙醇（PEth）等特定的过量饮酒生物标志物。还评估了分娩和儿童早期的特征。
妊娠前，89%的女性经常饮酒，49%的女性报告偶尔或经常狂饮。15%的女性在妊娠前和 5%的女性在妊娠期间使用尼古丁。妊娠期间，12%的女性继续饮酒，5%的女性也承认狂饮。然而，所有的酒精生物标志物值都低于报告限值（CDT≤1.7%双唾液转铁蛋白；总 PEth<0.1μmol/L）。妊娠期间的自我报告饮酒与妊娠前 AUDIT 评分较高、首次产前就诊时使用尼古丁、年龄较大和以前的合法堕胎有关。
AUDIT 问卷和 2 种特定的酒精生物标志物在常规产科护理中用于收集妊娠期间饮酒信息，从而识别有发生与酒精相关并发症风险的儿童。虽然 AUDIT 结果表明，相当数量的女性在妊娠期间继续饮酒，暗示胎儿紊乱的风险，但生物标志物显示阴性测试值，表明只有适度的饮酒水平。
