U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food & Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
J Food Prot. 2012 Apr;75(4):758-61. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-390.
Food producing animals can be reservoirs of Campylobacter, a leading bacterial cause of human foodborne illness. Campylobacter spp. utilize amino acids as major carbon and energy substrates, a process that can be inhibited by thymol and diphenyliodonium chloride (DIC). To determine the effect of these potential additives on feed intake, live weight gain, and gut Campylobacter levels, growing pigs were fed standard grower diets supplemented with or without 0.0067 or 0.0201% thymol or 0.00014 or 0.00042% DIC in a replicated study design. Diets were offered twice daily for 7 days, during which time daily feed intake (mean ± SEM, 2.39 ± 0.06 kg day(-1)) and daily gain (0.62 ± 0.04 kg day(-1)) were unaffected (P > 0.05) by treatment. Pigs treated with DIC but not thymol tended to have lower rectal Campylobacter levels (P ∼ 0.07) (5.2 versus 4.2 and 4.4 log CFU g(-1) rectal contents for controls and 0.00014% DIC and 0.00042% DIC, respectively; SEM ∼ 0.26). However, DIC or thymol treatments did not affect (P > 0.05) ileal or cecal Campylobacter (1.6 ± 0.17 and 4.5 ± 0.26 log CFU g(-1), respectively), cecal total culturable anaerobes (9.8 ± 0.10 log CFU g(-1)), or accumulations of major fermentation end products within collected gut contents. These results suggest that thymol and DIC were appreciably absorbed, degraded, or otherwise made unavailable in the proximal alimentary tract and that encapsulation technologies will likely be needed to deliver effective concentrations of these compounds to the lower gut to achieve in vivo reductions of Campylobacter.
食源动物可能是弯曲菌的储存宿主，弯曲菌是人类食源性疾病的主要细菌性病因。弯曲菌属利用氨基酸作为主要的碳和能量底物，这个过程可以被百里香酚和二苯基碘𬭩氯化物（DIC）抑制。为了确定这些潜在添加剂对采食量、活体重增加和肠道弯曲菌水平的影响，生长猪喂食标准生长日粮，添加或不添加 0.0067 或 0.0201%百里香酚或 0.00014 或 0.00042%DIC，采用重复研究设计。日粮每天提供两次，持续 7 天，在此期间，处理对每日采食量（平均值±SEM，2.39±0.06kg·d-1）和日增重（0.62±0.04kg·d-1）没有影响（P＞0.05）。用 DIC 处理但不用百里香酚处理的猪直肠弯曲菌水平较低（P∼0.07）（对照组和 0.00014%DIC 及 0.00042%DIC 组的直肠内容物分别为 5.2、4.2 和 4.4log CFU·g-1；SEM∼0.26）。然而，DIC 或百里香酚处理没有影响（P＞0.05）回肠或盲肠弯曲菌（分别为 1.6±0.17 和 4.5±0.26log CFU·g-1）、盲肠总可培养厌氧菌（9.8±0.1log CFU·g-1），或收集的肠道内容物中主要发酵终产物的积累。这些结果表明，百里香酚和 DIC 可被明显吸收、降解或以其他方式在近端消化道中不可用，并且可能需要封装技术将这些化合物有效浓度递送到下消化道，以实现体内弯曲菌的减少。
