Faculty of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University, Dracena, SP, Brazil.
DSM Nutritional Products Brazil S.A., São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
J Anim Sci. 2020 May 1;98(5). doi: 10.1093/jas/skaa119.
This research evaluated a feed additive (benzoic acid, eugenol, thymol, and piperine), associated or not with colistin, in weaned piglets feeding. The parameters evaluated were growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, diarrhea incidence, intestinal morphology, relative weights of digestive organs, microbial diversity, and the percentages of operational taxonomic units of microorganisms in the cecum content of pigs. One-hundred and eight crossbred piglets (5.3 ± 0.5 kg) were used in a three-phase feeding program (21 to 35, 36 to 50, 51 to 65 d of age) and fed a control diet with no inclusion of growth promoter feed additive, a diet with 40 ppm of colistin, a diet with 0.3% of alternative additive, and a diet with 0.3% of alternative additive and 40 ppm of colistin. The diets were based on corn, soybean meal, dairy products, and spray-dried blood plasma and formulated to provide 3.40, 3.38, and 3.20 Mcal of ME/kg and 14.5, 13.3, and 10.9 g/kg of digestible lysine, in phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The piglets were housed three per pen, with nine replicates per diet, in a complete randomized block design based on initial BW. The data were submitted to ANOVA and means were separated by Tukey test (5%), using SAS. Pigs fed diets with the alternative feed additive had greater (P < 0.05) ADG (114.3 vs. 91.8 g) and ADFI (190.1 vs. 163.3 g) in phase 1 than pigs fed diets without the product. The alternative additive improved (P < 0.05) ATTD of crude protein (CP) in phase 1 (71.0% vs. 68.6%), gross energy in phases 1 (77.4% vs. 75.2%) and 3 (79.0% vs. 77.1%), and dry matter in phase 3 (79.1% vs. 77.1%). The antibiotic inclusion in the diets increased (P < 0.05) ATTD of CP in phase 1 (71.5% vs. 68.2%). The alternative feed additive tended (P = 0.06) to increase (46%) normal feces frequency, decreased (P < 0.05) goblet cells count (104.3 vs. 118.1) in the jejunum, and decreased (P < 0.05) small intestine (4.60% vs. 4.93%) and colon (1.41% vs. 1.65%) relative weights, compared with pigs not fed with the alternative additive. There was a tendency (P = 0.09) for a lower concentration of Escherichia-Shigella (1.46% vs. 3.5%) and lower (P < 0.05) percentage of Campylobacter (0.52% vs. 10.21%) in the cecum content of piglets fed diets containing essential oils and benzoic acid compared with pigs fed diets without the alternative feed additive. The alternative feed additive was effective in improving growth performance, diets digestibility, and gut health in piglets soon after weaning.
本研究评估了一种饲料添加剂（苯甲酸、丁香酚、百里香酚和胡椒碱）与黏菌素联合或不联合在断奶仔猪饲养中的应用。评估的参数包括生长性能、养分表观全肠道消化率（ATTD）、腹泻发生率、肠道形态、消化器官相对重量、微生物多样性以及盲肠内容物中微生物的操作分类单元百分比。108 头杂交仔猪（5.3±0.5kg）采用三阶段饲养方案（21-35、36-50、51-65 日龄），分别饲喂对照日粮（不含生长促进型饲料添加剂）、40ppm 黏菌素日粮、0.3%替代添加剂日粮和 0.3%替代添加剂+40ppm 黏菌素日粮。日粮以玉米、豆粕、乳制品和喷雾干燥血浆为基础，在 1、2、3 阶段分别提供 3.40、3.38 和 3.20 Mcal/kg 代谢能和 14.5、13.3 和 10.9g/kg 可消化赖氨酸。仔猪每栏饲养 3 头，每 9 个重复饲喂一种日粮，采用完全随机分组设计，以初始 BW 为基础。数据进行 ANOVA 分析，并用 Tukey 检验（5%）进行均值分离，使用 SAS 软件进行分析。与不添加替代饲料添加剂的日粮相比，添加替代饲料添加剂的日粮在第 1 阶段仔猪的 ADG（114.3 比 91.8g）和 ADFI（190.1 比 163.3g）更高（P<0.05）。替代饲料添加剂提高了（P<0.05）第 1 阶段粗蛋白（CP）的 ATTD（71.0%比 68.6%）、第 1 阶段（77.4%比 75.2%）和第 3 阶段（79.0%比 77.1%）的总能以及第 3 阶段（79.1%比 77.1%）的干物质 ATTD。日粮中添加抗生素提高了（P<0.05）第 1 阶段 CP 的 ATTD（71.5%比 68.2%）。与不添加替代饲料添加剂的仔猪相比，替代饲料添加剂有增加（P=0.06）正常粪便频率（46%）、减少（P<0.05）空肠杯状细胞计数（104.3 比 118.1）和减少（P<0.05）小肠（4.60%比 4.93%）和结肠（1.41%比 1.65%）相对重量的趋势。与不添加替代饲料添加剂的日粮相比，添加了必需油和苯甲酸的日粮中大肠杆菌-志贺氏菌的浓度（1.46%比 3.5%）更低（P=0.09），盲肠内容物中弯曲杆菌的比例（0.52%比 10.21%）更低（P<0.05）。替代饲料添加剂在仔猪断奶后不久可有效提高生长性能、日粮消化率和肠道健康。
