Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2012 Jul-Aug;4(4):448-57. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1170. Epub 2012 Apr 6.
Nanoscale contrast agents have shown the ability to increase the detection sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by several orders of magnitude, endowing this traditionally macroscopic modality with the ability to observe unique molecular signatures. Herein, we describe three types of nanoparticulate contrast agents: iron oxide nanoparticles, gadolinium-based nanoparticles, and bio-essential manganese, cobalt, nickel, and copper ion-containing nanoformulations. Some of these agents have been approved for clinical use, but more are still under development for medical imaging. The advantages and disadvantages of each nanoformulation, in terms of intrinsic magnetism, ease of synthesis, biodistribution, etc. are discussed.
纳米级对比剂已显示出能够将磁共振成像（MRI）的检测灵敏度提高几个数量级的能力，使这种传统的宏观模态具有观察独特分子特征的能力。在此，我们描述了三种类型的纳米级对比剂：氧化铁纳米颗粒、基于钆的纳米颗粒和含有生物必需锰、钴、镍和铜离子的纳米制剂。其中一些已被批准用于临床应用，但更多的仍在开发中，用于医学成像。讨论了每种纳米制剂在固有磁性、合成难易程度、生物分布等方面的优缺点。
