Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2011 Jul-Aug;3(4):343-55. doi: 10.1002/wnan.140. Epub 2011 Apr 5.
Stem cell therapies offer great promise for many diseases, especially those without current effective treatments. It is believed that noninvasive imaging techniques, which offer the ability to track the status of cells after transplantation, will expedite progress in this field and help to achieve maximized therapeutic effect. Today's biomedical imaging technology allows for real-time, noninvasive monitoring of grafted stem cells including their biodistribution, migration, survival, and differentiation, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of nanoparticle-labeled cells being one of the most commonly used techniques. Among the advantages of MR cell tracking are its high spatial resolution, no exposure to ionizing radiation, and clinical applicability. In order to track cells by MRI, the cells need to be labeled with magnetic nanoparticles, for which many types exist. There are several cellular labeling techniques available, including simple incubation, use of transfection agents, magnetoelectroporation, and magnetosonoporation. In this overview article, we will review the use of different magnetic nanoparticles and discuss how these particles can be used to track the distribution of transplanted cells in different organ systems. Caveats and limitations inherent to the tracking of nanoparticle-labeled stem cells are also discussed.
干细胞疗法为许多疾病带来了巨大的希望，特别是那些目前尚无有效治疗方法的疾病。人们相信，非侵入性的成像技术能够在移植后跟踪细胞的状态，这将加速该领域的进展，并有助于实现最大化的治疗效果。当今的生物医学成像技术能够实时、非侵入性地监测包括其生物分布、迁移、存活和分化在内的移植干细胞，其中一种最常用的技术是用纳米颗粒标记细胞的磁共振成像（MRI）。MR 细胞追踪的优点包括其具有高空间分辨率、不接触电离辐射以及临床适用性。为了通过 MRI 来追踪细胞，需要用磁性纳米颗粒对细胞进行标记，而磁性纳米颗粒有很多种。目前有多种细胞标记技术，包括简单孵育、转染剂的使用、磁电穿孔和磁声穿孔。在这篇综述文章中，我们将回顾不同磁性纳米颗粒的使用，并讨论这些颗粒如何用于追踪移植细胞在不同器官系统中的分布。我们还将讨论纳米颗粒标记的干细胞追踪所固有的注意事项和局限性。
