[中国3至17岁儿童的忽视状况]
[The status of child neglect for children aged 3 - 17 years in China].
作者信息
Pan Jian-ping, Wang Fei, Zhang Hua, Zhang Song-jie, Yang Zi-ni, Wang Wei-qing, Cao Chun-hong, Luo Sha-sha, Li Min, Yang Xiao-mei, Shen Hong, Niu Qian
机构信息
Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, China.
出版信息
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2012 Jan;46(1):28-32.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the status of child neglect among urban areas children and adolescents aged 3 - 17 years in China.
METHODS
Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, 8001 children and adolescents were recruited from 30 cities of 14 provinces in December 2008. The investigation was carried based on The 3 - 6 years old children Neglect Norms of city in China and The 6 - 17 years old children Neglect Norms of city in China. SPSS 13.0 was employed for analyzing neglect rate and degree for group of areas, age, sex and neglect type (including neglect of physical, emotional, educational, medical, safety and social).
RESULTS
The degrees of child neglect for urban children aged 3 - 6 (children aged 6 were not in school), 6 - 8 (children aged 6 were school children), 9 - 11, 12 - 14 and 15 - 17 were 42.2 ± 6.9, 42.8 ± 8.4, 42.1 ± 9.1, 46.4 ± 9.2 and 49.7 ± 8.4(P < 0.05), the neglect rates were 28.0% (326/1163), 28.8% (431/1496), 27.2% (543/1962), 22.4% (373/1664) and 32.8% (563/1716) (P < 0.05), respectively. There were differences in six neglect types for each group; the neglect degrees and rates were high in the group aged 12 - 14 and 15 - 17 (46.4 ± 9.2 and 49.1 ± 8.4, 22.4% (373/1664) and 32.8% (563/1716), respectively); for each neglect type, the neglect degree of children aged 15 - 17 were highest (52.8 ± 8.0, 47.3 ± 11.6, 49.5 ± 10.8, 42.4 ± 10.3, 52.2 ± 16.0, 56.0 ± 10.1). The degree and rate of neglect in West were highest, Middle was next, the East was lowest (the neglect degrees were 45.4 ± 9.1, 45.0 ± 9.3 and 44.0 ± 8.8, P < 0.05;the rates were 30.7% (1340/4361), 25.0% (756/3024) and 21.2% (131/616), P < 0.05). Degree and rate of child neglect for children without siblings were lower than children with siblings (the neglect degrees were 44.2 ± 9.0 and 47.6 ± 9.1, P < 0.01; the rates were 26.1% (1572/6017) and 33.0% (655/1984), P < 0.01). Neglect degree of school children aged 6 years old (43.1 ± 7.3) was higher than children not in school (40.7 ± 7.8) (P < 0.01), but neglect rate was lower (the rates were 35.4% (60/169) and 21.3% (84/394), P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Neglect degree and rate of urban children and adolescents aged 3 - 17 years in China were both high, and neglect deserved more attentions.
目的
探讨我国3 - 17岁城市儿童青少年忽视状况。
方法
采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法，于2008年12月从14个省的30个城市招募8001名儿童青少年。依据《中国城市3 - 6岁儿童忽视常模》和《中国城市6 - 17岁儿童忽视常模》进行调查。运用SPSS 13.0分析地区、年龄、性别及忽视类型（包括身体忽视、情感忽视、教育忽视、医疗忽视、安全忽视和社会忽视）分组的忽视率与忽视程度。
结果
3 - 6岁（6岁未上学儿童）、6 - 8岁（6岁在校儿童）、9 - 11岁、12 - 14岁和15 - 17岁城市儿童的忽视程度分别为42.2±6.9、42.8±8.4、42.1±9.1、46.4±9.2和49.7±8.4（P<0.05），忽视率分别为28.0%（326/1163）、28.8%（431/1496）、27.2%（543/1962）、22.4%（373/1664）和32.8%（563/1716）（P<0.05）。各年龄组六种忽视类型存在差异；12 - 14岁和15 - 17岁组的忽视程度和忽视率较高（分别为46.4±9.2和49.1±8.4，22.4%（373/1664）和32.8%（563/1716））；每种忽视类型中，15 - 17岁儿童的忽视程度最高（分别为52.8±8.0、47.3±11.6、49.5±10.8、42.4±10.3、52.2±16.0、56.0±10.1）。西部地区的忽视程度和忽视率最高，中部次之，东部最低（忽视程度分别为45.4±9.1、45.0±9.3和44.0±8.8，P<0.05；忽视率分别为30.7%（1340/4361）、25.0%（756/3024）和21.2%（131/616），P<0.05）。无兄弟姐妹儿童的忽视程度和忽视率低于有兄弟姐妹儿童（忽视程度分别为44.2±9.0和47.6±9.1，P<0.01；忽视率分别为26.1%（1572/6017）和33.0%（655/1984），P<0.01）。6岁在校儿童的忽视程度（43.1±7.3）高于未上学儿童（40.7±7.8）（P<0.01），但忽视率较低（忽视率分别为35.4%（60/169）和21.3%（84/394），P<0.01）。
结论
我国3 - 17岁城市儿童青少年的忽视程度和忽视率均较高，忽视问题值得更多关注。
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