Li Qunying, Zhong Zhaohui, Pan Jianping, Zhong Yin, Zhong Yun, Sun Haoling
Epidemiology Research Institute, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2014 Oct;48(10):867-71.
To understand the neglect situation of elementary and high school students aged 6-17 years in western rural areas of China.
Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, 4 131 students were recruited from 26 rural elementary and high schools of 7 districts in Shanxi province and Chongqing from September 2012 to April 2013. The investigation was conducted based on 'The Development of Neglect Evaluation Norms and Influence Factors for Primary and Middle School Students' in rural areas of China. SAS 9.21 software was used for analyzing neglect rate and neglect degree for groups of age, sex and neglect types (including neglect of physical, emotional, medical, educational, safety and social).
The total neglect rate and degree were 55.50% (1 943/3 501) and 49.96 ± 9.67; the neglect rates for males and females were 56.78% (1 018/1 793) and 54.16% (925/1 708) (P = 0.119); the neglect degrees were 50.08 ± 9.31 and 49.83 ± 10.02 (P = 0.479), respectively. The girls' medical neglect rate (18.25%, 348/1 907) was significantly higher than that in boys (14.72%, 294/1 997) (P < 0.01); the boys' neglect degrees of physical, educational and social neglect (50.05 ± 10.46, 49.99 ± 10.81, 57.63 ± 14.63) were significantly higher than that in girls (49.34 ± 10.70, 49.07 ± 11.30, 56.37 ± 14.80) (P < 0.05). The total neglect rates of 6-8, 9-11, 12-14 and 15-17 groups were 44.48% (310/697), 60.40% (511/846), 60.89% (601/987) and 53.66% (521/971) (P < 0.01), and the total neglect degrees among these groups were 46.89 ± 8.57, 51.88 ± 9.25, 51.88 ± 9.25 and 51.72 ± 8.89 (P < 0.01), respectively. Except the neglect rates of medical and social neglect, significant differences were found in other three neglect rates and neglect degrees. The rates of social, emotional and safety neglect in 9-11 group were higher than that in other groups (28.39% (264/930), 26.41% (239/905), 20.35% (187/919)). The 12-14 group has the highest educational neglect rate(29.41%, 317/1 078). While the physical and emotional neglect degrees in 12-14 and 15-17 group were higher than that in other groups(12-14 group: 51.59 ± 10.02, 53.43 ± 12.02, 15-17 group: 51.96 ± 9.80, 52.61 ± 11.59). The social, safety, educational and medical neglect degrees were the highest in 6-8, 9-11, 12-14 and 15-17 group (60.91 ± 13.13, 48.29 ± 11.34, 52.43 ± 10.55, 51.15 ± 17.25), respectively. The neglect rates and neglect degrees were significantly higher in minorities(68.88% (374/543) and 52.91 ± 9.14) than those in Han population (53.04% (1 569/2 958), 49.44 ± 9.67)(P < 0.01 in both indexes); and the neglect rates and neglect degrees were significantly higher in children with siblings group (58.20% (1 504/2 584), 50.58 ± 9.54) than those the in one-child group (47.87% (439/917), 48.27 ± 9.80) (P < 0.01 in both indexes); and the neglect rates and neglect degrees were significantly higher in left-hand students (61.65% (1 101/1 786), 51.41 ± 9.51) than those in living-with-parents students(49.10% (842/1 715), 48.56 ± 9.61) (P < 0.01 in both indexes).
The children neglect situation is serious in western rural areas, close attention from families, schools and the society is in urgent need.
了解我国西部农村6-17岁中小学生忽视状况。
采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法，于2012年9月至2013年4月从山西省和重庆市7个区县的26所农村中小学招募4131名学生。依据“我国农村中小学生忽视评价常模与影响因素的研制”进行调查。运用SAS 9.21软件分析年龄、性别及忽视类型（包括身体、情感、医疗、教育、安全和社会忽视）组的忽视率和忽视程度。
总忽视率和忽视程度分别为55.50%（1943/3501）和49.96±9.67；男性和女性的忽视率分别为56.78%（1018/1793）和54.16%（925/1708）（P=0.119）；忽视程度分别为50.08±9.31和49.83±10.02（P=0.479）。女生的医疗忽视率（18.25%，348/1907）显著高于男生（14.72%，294/1997）（P<0.01）；男生的身体、教育和社会忽视程度（50.05±10.46，49.99±10.81，57.63±14.63）显著高于女生（49.34±10.70，49.07±11.30，56.37±14.80）（P<0.05）。6-8、9-11、12-14和15-17组的总忽视率分别为44.48%（310/697）、60.40%（511/846）、60.89%（601/987）和53.66%（521/971）（P<0.01），这些组的总忽视程度分别为46.89±8.57、51.88±9.25、51.88±9.25和51.72±8.89（P<0.01）。除医疗和社会忽视率外，其他三种忽视率和忽视程度存在显著差异。9-11组的社会、情感和安全忽视率高于其他组（28.39%（264/930），26.41%（239/905），20.35%（187/919））。12-14组的教育忽视率最高（29.41%，317/1078）。而12-14组和15-17组的身体和情感忽视程度高于其他组（12-14组：51.59±10.02，53.43±12.02，15-17组：51.96±9.80，52.61±11.59）。6-8、9-11、12-14和15-17组的社会、安全、教育和医疗忽视程度分别最高（60.91±13.13，48.29±11.34，52.43±10.55，51.15±17.25）。少数民族的忽视率和忽视程度（68.88%（374/543）和52.91±9.14）显著高于汉族（53.04%（1569/2958），49.44±9.67）（两项指标P均<0.01）；有兄弟姐妹组儿童的忽视率和忽视程度（58.20%（1504/2584），50.58±9.54）显著高于独生子女组（47.87%（439/917），48.27±9.80）（两项指标P均<0.01）；左利手学生的忽视率和忽视程度（61.65%（1101/1786），51.41±9.51）显著高于与父母同住学生（49.10%（842/1715），48.56±9.61）（两项指标P均<0.01）。
我国西部农村儿童忽视状况严重，急需家庭、学校和社会密切关注。
