Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 77030, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2012 May 1;23(5):453-8. doi: 10.1177/0956797611430096. Epub 2012 Apr 5.
Processes of proactive interference were explored using the pigeon as a model system of memory. This study shows that proactive interference extends back in time at least 16 trials (and as many minutes), revealing a continuum of interference and providing a framework for studying memory. Pigeons were tested in a delayed same/different task containing trial-unique pictures. On interference trials, sample pictures from previous trials reappeared as test pictures on different trials. Proactive-interference functions showed greatest interference from the most recent trial and with the longer of two delays (10 s vs. 1 s). These interference functions are accounted for by a time-estimation model based on signal detection theory. The model predicts that accuracy at test is determined solely by the ratio of the elapsed time since the offset of the current-trial sample to the elapsed time since the offset of the interfering sample. Implications for comparing memory of different species and different types of memory (e.g., familiarity vs. recollection) are discussed.
使用鸽子作为记忆的模型系统，探索了前摄干扰的过程。本研究表明，前摄干扰至少可以回溯 16 次试验（甚至长达数分钟），揭示了干扰的连续性，并为研究记忆提供了一个框架。鸽子在包含独特图片的延迟相同/不同任务中接受测试。在前摄干扰试验中，前一次试验的样本图片会在不同的试验中再次作为测试图片出现。前摄干扰函数显示出最近一次试验的干扰最大，并且两个延迟中较长的一个（10 秒与 1 秒）的干扰最大。这些干扰函数可以通过基于信号检测理论的时间估计模型来解释。该模型预测，测试的准确性仅取决于当前试验样本结束后到干扰样本结束后经过的时间的比值。还讨论了比较不同物种和不同类型记忆（例如，熟悉度与回忆）的记忆的含义。
