Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012 Apr;25(2):223-63. doi: 10.1128/CMR.05012-11.
The world had been anticipating another influenza pandemic since the last one in 1968. The pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 virus (A/2009/H1N1) finally arrived, causing the first pandemic influenza of the new millennium, which has affected over 214 countries and caused over 18,449 deaths. Because of the persistent threat from the A/H5N1 virus since 1997 and the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus in 2003, medical and scientific communities have been more prepared in mindset and infrastructure. This preparedness has allowed for rapid and effective research on the epidemiological, clinical, pathological, immunological, virological, and other basic scientific aspects of the disease, with impacts on its control. A PubMed search using the keywords "pandemic influenza virus H1N1 2009" yielded over 2,500 publications, which markedly exceeded the number published on previous pandemics. Only representative works with relevance to clinical microbiology and infectious diseases are reviewed in this article. A significant increase in the understanding of this virus and the disease within such a short amount of time has allowed for the timely development of diagnostic tests, treatments, and preventive measures. These findings could prove useful for future randomized controlled clinical trials and the epidemiological control of future pandemics.
自 1968 年最后一次流感大流行以来，世界一直在期待另一场流感大流行。甲型 H1N1 2009 流感病毒（A/2009/H1N1）终于到来，引发了新千年的第一次流感大流行，已影响到 214 多个国家，并导致超过 18449 人死亡。由于自 1997 年以来 H5N1 病毒的持续威胁以及 2003 年严重急性呼吸系统综合征（SARS）冠状病毒的爆发，医疗和科学界在思维和基础设施方面更加有备无患。这种准备使人们能够迅速有效地研究疾病的流行病学、临床、病理、免疫学、病毒学和其他基础科学方面，并对其控制产生影响。使用关键词“2009 年甲型 H1N1 流感病毒”在 PubMed 上进行搜索，得到了超过 2500 篇出版物，明显超过了以往大流行时发表的数量。本文仅综述与临床微生物学和传染病相关的有代表性的作品。在如此短的时间内，对这种病毒和疾病的认识有了显著提高，从而能够及时开发出诊断测试、治疗方法和预防措施。这些发现可能对未来的随机对照临床试验和未来大流行的流行病学控制有用。
