Unidade de Investigação em Eco-Etologia, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisbon, Portugal.
J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2012 Jun;198(6):427-49. doi: 10.1007/s00359-012-0721-6. Epub 2012 Apr 11.
Although the generation of new neurons in the adult nervous system ('adult neurogenesis') has been studied intensively in recent years, little is known about this phenomenon in non-mammalian vertebrates. Here, we examined the generation, migration, and differentiation of new neurons and glial cells in the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), a representative of one of the largest vertebrate taxonomic orders, the perciform fish. The vast majority of new cells in the brain are born in specific proliferation zones of the olfactory bulb; the dorsal and ventral telencephalon; the periventricular nucleus of the posterior tuberculum, optic tectum, and nucleus recessi lateralis of the diencephalon; and the valvula cerebelli, corpus cerebelli, and lobus caudalis of the cerebellum. As shown in the olfactory bulb and the lateral part of the valvula cerebelli, some of the young cells migrate from their site of origin to specific target areas. Labeling of mitotic cells with the thymidine analog 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, combined with immunostaining against the neuron-specific marker protein Hu or against the astroglial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein demonstrated differentiation of the adult-born cells into both neurons and glia. Taken together, the present investigation supports the hypothesis that adult neurogenesis is an evolutionarily conserved vertebrate trait.
尽管近年来人们对成年神经系统中新神经元的产生（“成年神经发生”）进行了深入研究，但对于非哺乳动物脊椎动物中的这种现象知之甚少。在这里，我们检查了莫桑比克罗非鱼（Oreochromis mossambicus）中新神经元和神经胶质细胞的产生、迁移和分化，莫桑比克罗非鱼是最大的脊椎动物分类目中之一的鲈形目鱼类的代表。大脑中的绝大多数新细胞都是在嗅球的特定增殖区；背侧和腹侧端脑；后结节的室周核、视顶盖和间脑的外侧 recessi 核；小脑的蚓部、小脑体和小脑尾叶产生的；如在嗅球和蚓部的外侧部分所示，一些年轻的细胞从其起源地迁移到特定的靶区。用胸腺嘧啶类似物 5-溴-2'-脱氧尿苷对有丝分裂细胞进行标记，结合对神经元特异性标志物蛋白 Hu 或对星形胶质细胞标志物胶质纤维酸性蛋白的免疫染色，证明了成年产生的细胞分化为神经元和神经胶质细胞。总的来说，本研究支持了成年神经发生是一种进化保守的脊椎动物特征的假设。
