Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2012;359:123-52. doi: 10.1007/82_2012_209.
Nipah virus and Hendra virus are related, highly pathogenic paramyxoviruses with unusually broad host ranges. Henipaviruses encode several proteins that block innate immune responses, and these are likely to serve as virulence factors. Specfically, four virus-encoded proteins, the phosphoprotein (P), the V protein, the W protein, and the C protein have each been demonstrated to counteract aspects of the interferon (IFN)-α/β response, a key component of the innate immune response to virus infection. The available data indicate that V and W can inhibit the production of IFNα/β in response to various stimuli, while the P, V, and W proteins also block the ability of IFNs to signal and induce an antiviral state in cells. The C protein also inhibits the antiviral effects of IFNα/β by a poorly characterized mechanism. Reverse genetics systems, which allow the generation of recombinant viruses bearing specific mutations, have demonstrated the importance of the viral IFN-antagonists for replication. With these systems in hand, the field is now poised to define how specific viral IFN-antagonist functions influence viral pathogenesis.
尼帕病毒和亨德拉病毒是相关的、具有高度致病性的副黏病毒，其宿主范围异常广泛。亨尼帕病毒编码几种能够阻断先天免疫反应的蛋白，这些蛋白可能是病毒的毒力因子。具体来说，四种病毒编码的蛋白，即磷蛋白（P）、V 蛋白、W 蛋白和 C 蛋白，都被证明能够拮抗干扰素（IFN）-α/β反应的各个方面，而 IFN-α/β 反应是细胞对病毒感染的先天免疫反应的关键组成部分。现有数据表明，V 和 W 蛋白可以抑制各种刺激物诱导的 IFNα/β 的产生，而 P、V 和 W 蛋白还可以阻断 IFN 信号转导并诱导细胞抗病毒状态的能力。C 蛋白也通过一种特征不明确的机制抑制 IFNα/β 的抗病毒作用。允许生成带有特定突变的重组病毒的反向遗传学系统已经证明了病毒 IFN 拮抗剂对复制的重要性。有了这些系统，该领域现在可以确定特定的病毒 IFN 拮抗剂功能如何影响病毒的发病机制。
