Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Viruses. 2022 May 21;14(5):1107. doi: 10.3390/v14051107.
is a viral family within the order of ; they are negative single-strand RNA viruses that can cause significant diseases in both humans and animals. In order to replicate, paramyxoviruses-as any other viruses-have to bypass an important protective mechanism developed by the host's cells: the defensive line driven by interferon. Once the viruses are recognized, the cells start the production of type I and type III interferons, which leads to the activation of hundreds of genes, many of which encode proteins with the specific function to reduce viral replication. Type II interferon is produced by active immune cells through a different signaling pathway, and activates a diverse range of genes with the same objective to block viral replication. As a result of this selective pressure, viruses have evolved different strategies to avoid the defensive function of interferons. The strategies employed by the different viral species to fight the interferon system include a number of sophisticated mechanisms. Here we analyzed the current status of the various strategies used by paramyxoviruses to subvert type I, II, and III interferon responses.
副黏病毒科是正黏病毒目下的一个病毒科，为单股负链 RNA 病毒，能引起人类和动物的重大疾病。副黏病毒与其他病毒一样，为了进行复制，必须绕过宿主细胞开发的一个重要保护机制：干扰素驱动的防御线。病毒一旦被识别，细胞就会开始产生 I 型和 III 型干扰素，从而激活数百个基因，其中许多基因编码具有特定功能的蛋白质，可减少病毒复制。II 型干扰素由活性免疫细胞通过不同的信号通路产生，并激活具有相同阻止病毒复制目标的广泛基因。由于这种选择性压力，病毒已经进化出不同的策略来避免干扰素的防御功能。不同病毒物种用来对抗干扰素系统的策略包括许多复杂的机制。在这里，我们分析了副黏病毒用来颠覆 I 型、II 型和 III 型干扰素反应的各种策略的现状。
