Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Chemosphere. 2012 Jul;88(5):554-62. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.027. Epub 2012 Apr 11.
The objective was to estimate leaching of the fungicide azoxystrobin (methyl (αE)-2-[[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]-α-(methoxymethylene)benzene-acetate) and one of its primary degradation products R234886 ([(E)-2-(2-[6-cyanophenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yloxyl]-phenyl-3-methoxyacrylic acid], major fraction) at four agricultural research fields (one sandy and three loamy) in Denmark. Water was sampled from tile drains, suction cups and groundwater wells for a minimum period of two years after application of azoxystrobin. Neither azoxystrobin nor R234886 were detected at the sandy site, but did leach through loamy soils. While azoxystrobin was generally only detected during the first couple of months following application, R234886 leached for a longer period of time and at higher concentrations (up to 2.1μgL(-1)). Azoxystrobin is classified as very toxic to aquatic organisms and R234886 as very harmful. Our study shows that azoxystrobin and R234886 can leach through loamy soils for a long period of time following application of the pesticide and thereby pose a potential threat to vulnerable aquatic environments and drinking water resources. We thus recommend the inclusion of azoxystrobin and R234886 in pesticide monitoring programmes and further investigation of their long-term ecotoxicological effects.
目的是估计杀菌剂唑菌酯（αE-2-[[6-(2-氰苯氧基)-4-嘧啶基]氧基]-α-（甲氧基亚甲基）苯乙酸甲酯）及其主要降解产物 R234886（[(E)-2-(2-[6-氰苯氧基]-嘧啶-4-基氧代]-苯基-3-甲氧基丙烯酸）在丹麦的四个农业研究领域（一个沙质和三个粘土地）中的浸出情况。在唑菌酯施用于农田后，至少有两年的时间，从瓦管、吸盘和地下水井中抽取水样。在沙质土壤中未检测到唑菌酯或 R234886，但它们确实从粘土地层中浸出。虽然唑菌酯通常仅在施药后的头几个月内检测到，但 R234886 浸出的时间更长，浓度更高（高达 2.1μg/L）。唑菌酯被归类为对水生生物具有极高毒性，R234886 则被归类为对水生生物有高度危害。我们的研究表明，唑菌酯和 R234886 在施药后很长一段时间内都可以从粘土地层中浸出，从而对脆弱的水生环境和饮用水资源构成潜在威胁。因此，我们建议将唑菌酯和 R234886 纳入农药监测计划，并进一步研究它们的长期生态毒理学效应。
