PsyQ, Psycho-Medical Programs, The Hague, Netherlands.
J Atten Disord. 2012 Jul;16(5 Suppl):3S-19S. doi: 10.1177/1087054711435361. Epub 2012 Apr 12.
Given high rates of comorbidity, lack of awareness and global acceptance, and varying guidelines for its management, adult ADHD may be an especially difficult condition to diagnose and treat. The objective of this review was to explore and characterize similarities and differences among comorbidities associated with adult ADHD.
A review of the literature over the past 10 years was performed using Ovid.
A myriad of comorbid conditions such as impulse-control/personality, anxiety, mood, substance use, learning, and sleep disorders overlap with adult ADHD. Furthermore, a number of such conditions have symptoms that can mimic those of ADHD, including hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention, and disruption of circadian rhythms, adding to the complexity of recognition and diagnosis of ADHD in adults. Extensive research shows that adults with ADHD appear to benefit from treatment with stimulant medications in similar ways as children, including significant improvements on driving performance. However, fear surrounding the abuse of stimulants is an important issue. Nevertheless, evidence suggests that children with ADHD who are treated with stimulant medication are less likely to develop a substance use disorder in adolescence and adulthood.
There are a wide range of comorbidities with adult ADHD with many having overlapping symptoms. The benefits observed with ADHD treatment, however, emphasize the importance of recognition and treatment of adult ADHD.
鉴于成人 ADHD 的共病率高、认知度和全球认可度低、以及管理指南存在差异，其可能是一种尤其难以诊断和治疗的疾病。本综述旨在探讨和描述与成人 ADHD 相关的共病的异同。
对过去 10 年的文献进行了 Ovid 检索。
许多共病情况，如冲动控制/人格障碍、焦虑、情绪、物质使用、学习和睡眠障碍，与成人 ADHD 重叠。此外，许多此类疾病的症状与 ADHD 相似，包括多动、冲动、注意力不集中和昼夜节律紊乱，这增加了成人 ADHD 识别和诊断的复杂性。大量研究表明，成人 ADHD 患者似乎与儿童一样受益于兴奋剂药物治疗，包括驾驶表现的显著改善。然而，对兴奋剂滥用的担忧是一个重要问题。尽管如此，有证据表明，接受兴奋剂药物治疗的 ADHD 儿童在青少年和成年期更不容易出现物质使用障碍。
成人 ADHD 存在广泛的共病，许多疾病具有重叠的症状。然而，ADHD 治疗所观察到的益处强调了识别和治疗成人 ADHD 的重要性。
