Hosten B, Rizzo-Padoin N, Scherrmann J-M, Bloch V
Unité radiopharmacie, groupe hospitalier Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France.
Ann Pharm Fr. 2012 Mar;70(2):75-81. doi: 10.1016/j.pharma.2012.01.003. Epub 2012 Feb 28.
More or less rapid radio-induction of thyroidian cancers is the main pathological consequence of an accidental exposure to ingested or inhaled radioactive iodines following a nuclear power plant accident. The prophylactic administration of potassium iodine in a single oral dose has to be practiced as soon as possible after the nuclear accident. The efficacy of this therapy depends on pharmacokinetics of radioidines. Iodines are rapidly and completely absorbed as iodides. The radioactive iodines, mainly iodine 131, concentrate in the thyroid gland because of a carrier-mediated transport by the Na-I symporter. Administration of stable iodine results in the symporter blockade, which limits the uptake of radioactive iodines by the thyroid and the duration of the internal irradiation. This irradiation will never exceed 3days if the therapy is started between 6h before the accidental exposure and 1h after. The pharmacist asked to dispense the tablets of stable iodine has a important place because, besides his advices on the optimal modalities of taking stable iodine and the risks of unwanted effects, he extend these advices to information on the radioactive risk and on measures of civil and sanitary protection.
核电站事故后，意外摄入或吸入放射性碘导致的甲状腺癌或多或少会迅速出现放射性诱导，这是主要的病理后果。核事故发生后，必须尽快单次口服给予碘化钾进行预防。这种治疗方法的疗效取决于放射性碘的药代动力学。碘作为碘化物能迅速且完全被吸收。放射性碘，主要是碘131，由于钠-碘同向转运体介导的载体转运而集中在甲状腺中。给予稳定碘会导致同向转运体被阻断，从而限制甲状腺对放射性碘的摄取以及内照射的持续时间。如果在意外暴露前6小时至暴露后1小时之间开始治疗，这种照射时间绝不会超过3天。被要求配发稳定碘片剂的药剂师起着重要作用，因为除了就服用稳定碘的最佳方式和不良反应风险提供建议外，他还将这些建议扩展到关于放射性风险以及公民和卫生防护措施的信息。
