Soluble BAFF-R produced by decidual stromal cells plays an inhibitory role in monocytes and macrophages.

A sophisticated immunological regulation between decidual stromal cells (DSC) and monocytes and macrophages is essential for the successful symbiosis of the mother and her fetus, but the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The mRNA and proteins of B lymphocyte stimulator (BAFF, also known as BLys) and its receptor, BAFF-R (also known as BR3, CD268 or TNFRSF17), have been detected in both first-trimester and term placentas, but whether BAFF or BAFF-R participates in the cross-talk between DSC and monocytes and macrophages in the first-trimester pregnancy has not been described. This study found that purified DSC extensively shed BAFF-R and that polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C); a synthetic toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 agonist) dramatically up-regulated BAFF-R secretion, suggesting that release of these soluble proteins was an inherent property of DSC and its induction might have relevance to TLR-3-mediated signal transduction. When monocytes were cultured with the supernatants of resting DSC or poly(I:C)-treated DSC, the proliferation of CD14(+)HLA-DR(+) monocytes (P=0.025 and 0.045) and the secretion levels of tumour necrosis factor α (P=0.035 and 0.031) and interleukin 6 (P=0.021 and 0.035) were significantly increased after the BAFF-R was blocked. Soluble BAFF-R may play inhibitory roles in monocytes and macrophages.